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Behavioral Med: Test 4 > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Personality Disorder Definition

A
  1. Enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior
  2. Cognitive, emotional, interpersonal, and behavioral components
  3. Leads to distress or impairment
    Pervasive and inflexible
  4. Onset in adolescence or early adulthood and stable over time
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2
Q

Hippocrates: The 4 Humors

A

Sanguine – blood
Melancholic – black bile
Phlegmatic – phlegm
Choleric – yellow bile

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3
Q

The 4 Main Character Types

A
  1. Narcissistic
  2. Hysterical
  3. Compulsive
  4. Masochistic
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4
Q

The 3 clusters of personality disorders?

A

Cluster A: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal

Cluster B: Antisocial, Histrionic, Narcissistic, Borderline

Cluster C: Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive

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5
Q

Cluster A Disorders are characterized by?

A

psychotic-like thinking and mannerisms

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6
Q

Cluster B Disorders are characterized by?

A

associated with poorly controlled, impulsive behaviors and unstable mood

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7
Q

Cluster C Disorders are characterized by?

A

are characterized by anxiety

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8
Q

Paranoid PD

A
  1. A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood
  2. Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder
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9
Q

Schizoid PD

A
  1. A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions
  2. Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder
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10
Q

Schizotypal PD

A
  1. A pervasive pattern of interpersonal deficits marked by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior
  2. Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder
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11
Q

Antisocial PD

A
  1. Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others occurring since age 15 years
  2. Evidence of a Conduct Disorder with onset before age 15 years
  3. Antisocial behavior is not exclusively during schizophrenia or a manic episode
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12
Q

Histrionic PD

A
  1. Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood, such as:
  2. Sexually seductive or provocative behavior
  3. Self-dramatization, theatricality, exaggerated emotional expression
  4. Is easily influenced by others
  5. Considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are
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13
Q

Narcissistic PD

A
  1. A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy and behavior) beginning by early adulthood
  2. Need for admiration
  3. Lack of empathy
  4. Sense of entitlement
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14
Q

Borderline PD

A

A. pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood. > 5/9 needed

  1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
  2. Unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, alternating idealization and devaluation
  3. Persistently unstable self-image or sense of self
  4. Impulsivity that is potentially self-damaging
  5. Recurrent suicidal behavior or threats, or self-mutilation
  6. Mood lability and reactivity
  7. Chronic feelings of emptiness
  8. Frequent or intense anger outbursts
  9. Transient paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms
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15
Q

Avoidant PD

A
  1. Pervasive pattern of social inhibition beginning by early adulthood
  2. Inhibited in social situations because of feelings of inadequacy
  3. Hypersensitive to criticism or rejection
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16
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive PD

A

By early adulthood:

  1. Preoccupied with details, rules, lists, schedules
  2. Perfectionism interferes with task completion
  3. Excessively devoted to work and productivity
  4. Scrupulous about morality, ethics, and values
  5. Unable to discard worn-out objects
  6. Micro-manages tasks
  7. Miserly spending style
  8. Rigid and stubborn
17
Q

Dependent PD

A
  • Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of beginning by early adulthood
  • Indecisive
  • Submissive and clingy
  • Difficulty expressing disagreement
  • Lack of self-confidence, feeling of helplessness
  • Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others
18
Q

The Five Factor Model

A 
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
19
Q

Exacerbating factors/differential diagnosis::

A

Substances
Medical/psychiatric disorders
Stress
Close relationships

20
Q

Cluster A Treatments

A

Little studied

Antipsychotic medication and psychotherapy may provide modest benefit

21
Q

Cluster B Treatments

A

Psychopharmacology:

  • Modest efficacy, especially mood stabilizers, antipsychotics.
  • Benzodiazepines may exacerbate condition
  • Co-occurring conditions (depression, anxiety, etc.) may also respond poorly to medications

Psychotherapy.
Case reports and series suggest that all are potentially treatable.
RCTs. Only borderline PD. 3 psychodynamic and 2 cognitive behavioral models shown to be highly effective.
Borderline PD prognosis: 70% remission in 6 years and 88% in 10 years

22
Q

Cluster C Treatments

A

Psychopharmacology – avoidant PD

Psychotherapy – RCT indicated efficacy for CBT and psychodynamic

Behavioral Med: Test 4 (5 decks)

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