Perscribing/Drugs Flashcards
Cap?
Capsule
Tabs?
Tablets
Mg?
Milligrams
Mcg?
Micro grams
Ml?
Millilitres
Motte?
Send
Nocte?
At night
Mane?
Morning
Bid/bd?
Twice a day
Tid/tds?
Three times a day
Qid/qds?
Four times a day
Prn?
As needed/required
Stat?
Immediately
What is the first step to treat a bacterial infection?
Local measures, drainage/exodontia
What do you do in the case of significant trismus, floor of mouth swelling or difficulty breathing?
Transfer to hospital immediately
What are the first line antibiotics for dentists?
Phenocymethylpenicillin (250mg tabs)
2 tablets (500mg) four times a day
For 5 days
Amoxicillin (500mg caps)
1 tablet (500mg) three times a day
5 days
Both above can be doubled in severe infection
In sever infections or penicillin allergy:
Metronidazole (400mg tabs)
1 tablet 3 times a day
5 days
What are the second line antibiotics for dentists?
Clindamycin (150mg capsules)
1 capsule 4 times a day with water
5 days
Dose same for kids over 12
Co-amoxiclav (250/150mg amoxicillin/calvunic acid tabs)
1 tablet 3 times a day
5 days
Dose same for kids over 12
Amoxicillin dose can be doubled 625mg total
Clarithromycim (250mg tabs)
1 tablet twice a day
7 days
Kids dependant on body weight
How is acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis treated in the first instance?
Scaling and OHI
How is pericoronitis treated in the first instance?
Irrigation with saline and debridement
What is the treatment for Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis and pericoronitis when it’s still progressing and there is systemic infections?
Metronidazole (400mg tabs)
1 tablet three times a day
3days for ANUG/5 days pericoronitis
Amoxicillin (500mg caps)
1 capsule three times a day
3 days ANUG/5days pericoronitis
How is sinusitis treated in the first instance?
Steam/Menthol inhilation
This isn’t suitable for children
How is sinusitis treated if local measures don’t work?
Ephedrine nasal drops 0.5%
10ml bottle
1 drop into each nostril up to three times a day as needed for 7 days
Same for kids over 12
Antibiotics used in persistent symptoms or purulent discharge (lasting more than 7 days)
Phenoxymethylpenicillin (250mg caps) 2 capsules (500mg) four times a day for 5 days
Or
Doxycycline (100mg caps)
2 capsules first day then 1 per day for 7 days
How is dry socket treated locally?
Rinse socket with warm saline
Place small amount of alveogyl into socket.
Ask pt to continue with hot salt water mouth wash
When are antibiotics used in dry socket treatment?
Only when evidence of soft tissue infection and systemic spread.
What is the treatment for candidosis?
Fluconazole (50mg caps)
1 capsule daily for 7 days
Miconazole oromucosal gel 24mmg/ml
18g tube
Apply a pea sized amount after food
Above can’t be used with the third taking warfarin and statins
Nystatin oral suspension 100,000 unit/ml
Send 30mls
1ml after food four times a day
Rinse suspension around mouth then hold for 5 minutes before swallowing. Continue for 48 hours after lesion had healed
What are the causes of angular cheilitis?
Fungal most likely in denture wearing patients
Bacterial in non wearing denture patients
What are the treatments for angular cheilitis?
Miconazole cream 2%
20g tube
Apply to angles of the mouth twice a day
Use for 10 days after lesions have healed
If bacterial
Sodium fusidate ointment 2%
15g tube
Apply to angles of mouth four times daily
(No more than 10 days)
If unresponsive to above treatment
Miconazole 2% and hydrocortisone 1% cream
30g tube
Apply twice daily for 7 days
Don’t prescribe miconazole for statin or warfarin patients
What are treatments for viral infections such as herpes?
Chlorohexadone mouthwash 0.2%
Rinse for 1 min with 10ml twice a day
Hydrogen peroxide 6%
Rinse for 2 mins with 15ml diluted in half a cup of water
How is herpes labialis cured?
Aciclovir cream 5%5
Apply every 4 hours 5 times a day
What is prescribed for odontogenic pain?
Paracetamol 500mg
2 tablets 4 times a day
Ibuprofen 400mg
One tablet 4 times a day
The above is the maximum daily does
4g and 2.4g
Ibuprofen should be after food
What is given for moderate inflammatory or post operative pain?
Diclofenac spdium tablets 50mg
1 tablet 3 times a day
5 days
Asprin dispersible tablets 300mg
2 tablets 4 times a day
What need to be used in conjunction with NSAIDs in patients with stomach problems?
Protein pump inhibitors (PPI)
Lanzoprazole caps 15mg
One capsules once a day
Gastro-resistant omeprazole tablets 20mg
1 capsule once a day
Same length of time as NSAIDs
How is trigeminal Neuralgia treated?
If suspected give carbamazepine tablets 100mg
1 tablet twice a day
If positive response then diagnosis confirmed and make urgent referral
What is given for oral sedation?
Diazepam tablets 5-10mg depending on anxiety and weight.
1 tablet night before
1 tablet one hour pre-op
Interactions of metronidazole?
Alcoholics
Warfarin may be enhanced
Erythromycin interactions?
Cause nausea vomiting diarrhoea avoid in pts with warfarin or statins
Clindamycin interactions?
Avoid in pts with diarrhoea state and discontinue if diarrhoea or colitis occurs
Doxycycline interactions?
May cause nausea vomiting diarrhoea dysphasia photo sensitivity
Warfarin may be enhanced
Avoid in patients with hepatic impairment
Flucanazole & miconazole interactions?
Avoid warfarin and statin patients
Ibuprofen. Aspirin and diclofenac interactions?
Avoid in pts with allergy to NSAIDs and asprin as may cause asthma attack
Avoid in patients on low dose aspirin
Caution in elderly pregnant nursing mothers warfarin coagulation defects renal cardiac or hepatic involvement
Lanzoprazole and omeprazole interactions?
Caution in liver disease pregnancy and nursing mothers
