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Oral Histology > Periodontal Ligament > Flashcards

Periodontal Ligament Flashcards

1
Q

Enumerate the different cells of the periodontal ligament.

A
  • Fibroblasts
  • Undifferentiated cells
  • Macrophages
  • Epithelial rests of Malassez
  • Bone cells*
  • Cementoblasts*
  • Cementoclasts (only when cementum is undergoing absorption)*
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2
Q

Why are bone cells and cementoblasts part of the PDL?

A

Because of their location

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3
Q

What are the functions of fibroblast?

A

They maintain collagen fibers and ground substance of the PDL

They synthesize and degrade collagen

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4
Q

Describe a periodontal fibroblast.

A

They have extensive processes that wrap around collagen fiber bundles

They have a cytoskeleton and an actin network.

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5
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton and actin network of a periodontal fibroblast?

A

They can change shape and can move; This helps in eruption

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6
Q

What is the function of undifferentiated cells?

A

They are the source of replacement cells

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7
Q

What is the function of macrophages?

A

They are defense cells.

They are mobile and phagocytic. They eat up dead cells and bacteria.

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8
Q

What are the possible functions of the epithelial rests of Malassez?

A

Regeneration of periodontal tissues

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9
Q

What cell in the periodontal ligament is possibly involved in the formation of enamel pearls?

A

Epithelial rests of Malassez

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10
Q

Explain why the epithelial rests of Malassez are vital but resting cells.

A

They contain a few mitochondria and poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

What is formed in the epithelial lining if a PDL gets inflamed?

A

Dental cysts

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12
Q

What cells are part of the periodontal ligament only because of their location?

A
  • Bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts)
  • Cementoblasts
  • Cementoclasts (only when cementum is undergoing resorption)
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13
Q

Enumerate the main components of the intercellular substance of the periodontal ligament.

A
  • Collagen fibers
  • Elastic fibers (oxytalan)
  • Ground substance
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14
Q

What is the composition of the ground substance of the periodontal ligament?

A

(similar to that of the pulp)

  • Glycoproteins
  • Glycosaminoglycans
  • 70% water
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15
Q

Why is the ground substance of the periodontal ligament composed of 70% water?

A

To help tooth withstand stress loads

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16
Q

What is the function of oxytalan in the periodontal ligament?

A

Associated with nerve fibers and blood vessels

Regulate blood flow

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17
Q

What is the function of collagen fibers?

A
  • Remodeling without affecting tooth support
  • Physiologic mobility (allows tooth to move within socket)
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18
Q

How come collagen fibers have physiologic mobility?

A

Individual fibers have a slightly wavy course; Hindi sila straight and stiff

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19
Q

What are the five principal collagen fiber groups of the periodontal ligament? Imagine their location in the tooth and try to identify in histologic preparations.

A

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20
Q

What do you call the bundles of collagenous fibers in the periodontal ligament?

(Part of the periodontal ligament embedded in cementum and alveolar bone)

A

Sharpey’s fibers

21
Q

Differentiate collagen fibers from elastic fibers in terms of location and function.

A

Collagen fibers: embedded in cementum and alveolar bone; physiologic mobility

Elastic fibers: location (?); regulate blood flow

22
Q

What arteries are involved in the blood supply to the periodontal ligament?

A

Superior and inferior alveolar arteries

23
Q

Identify the three sources of blood supply of the periodontal ligament and imagine their locations.

A

Coronally (from gingiva)

Laterally (from bone); branches out when entering the periodontal ligament’s face (1) occlusally and (2) apically

Apically (before entering apical foramen to supply pulp)

24
Q

Compare and contrast the repair potential of the periodontal ligament and the pulp.

A

Since PDL has three sources of blood supply and pulp only has one (from apical foramen), when something happens to one blood supply, pulp will die but PDL would still have two other sources. (It will only have chronic diseases.)

25
Q

Compare the nerve supply of the pulp of a tooth with its periodontal ligament.

A

X

26
Q

Identify in histologic preparation the following:

  • alveolar crest group
  • apical group
  • epithelial rests of Malassez
  • Sharpey’s fibers
A

X

27
Q

What are the functions of the periodontal ligament and name the component responsible for each function.

A
  • Supportive
  • Maintenance
  • Sensory
  • Nutritive
28
Q

Describe the dentogingival junction

A

X

29
Q

How is the dentoginigiva formed?

A

X

30
Q

What are the two attachments of the gingiva to the tooth?

A
  • Epithelial attachment (Junctional epithelium)
  • Connective tissue attachment (Gingival ligament)
31
Q

Imagine the structure of the dentogingival junction. Identify the gingival sulcus, sulcular epithelium, gingival epithelium, and junctional epithelium.

A

32
Q

What are the four types of sensory nerve terminations? Enumerate them in order of decreasing frequency.

A
  • Free nerve endings
  • Ruffini’s corpuscles
  • Coiled endings
  • Spindle-like endings
33
Q

What is the function of free nerve endings?

A
  • Nociceptors
  • Mechanoreceptors (proprioception - sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body and strength of effort being employed in movement)
34
Q

What is the function of Ruffini’s corpuscles?

A

Mechanoreceptors

35
Q

What are the functions of the periodontal ligament?

A
  • Attachment and support
  • Sensation (for proper positioning of jaws during function)
36
Q

What structure is responsible for the attachment and support provided by the periodontal ligament?

A

Collagen fiber bundles

37
Q

What structure is responsible for the sensation of the periodontal ligament?

A

Nerves

38
Q

What structure can be considered a part of both the oral mucosa and the periodontium? What portions of this structure is included in each?

A

Gingiva (overall a part of the oral mucosa but the part of gingiva facing the tooth is part of the periodontium)

39
Q

What are the four parts of the periodontium?

A
  • Cementum
  • Periodontal ligament
  • Gingiva
  • Alveolar Bone
40
Q

What is the function of the dentogingival junction?

A

Protective stage in life cycle of ameloblasts

  • secrete basal lamina
  • develop hemidesmosomes
  • unite enamel organ -> (reduced enamel epithelium)
41
Q

What is an epithelial cuff?

A

X

42
Q

Identify the parts of the gingival ligament

A

43
Q

How come the free gingiva stays in place even though it is not attached to the tooth?

A

Because of the gingival ligament

44
Q

What are the structures attached by each of the five groups of collagen fibers in the gingival ligament?

A

Dentogingival: from tooth to connective tissue of free gingiva

Dentoperiosteal: from the periostium of alveolar bone to connective tissure of free gingiva

Alveologingival: from crest of alveolar bone to connective tissue of free gingiva

Circular: around tooth

Transseptal: mesial of one tooth to distal of adjacent tooth

45
Q

How do you measure the biologic width?

A

X

46
Q

True or false: The periodontal ligament is continuous with the pulp.

A

True

47
Q

True or false: The periodontal ligament is a vascular and cellular connective tissue.

A

True

48
Q

Explain the formation of the periodontal ligament.

A

X

49
Q

Differentiate gingivitis from periodontitis.

A

X

Oral Histology (3 decks)

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