Periodic Trends Flashcards
who produce the first periodic table
the first periodic table was produced by Dimitri Mendeleev.
what are periodic groups
Periodic groups are vertical columns and all the elements have the same amount of valence electrons
What are periodic periods
the are horizontal lines and all element in these lines have the same amount of shells.
what are the properties of metals
metals are Shiny, malleable, good conductors of heat nd electricity
what are the properties of non-metals
non metals are dull, brittle and nonconductors.
what are the properties of metalloids
the are halfway between metals and nonmetals, shiny but brittle and semiconductor.
what is covalent radius
covalent radius is half the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms
what is atomic radius and how are they measured
atomic radius is the distance from the nuclei and the out most electron. atomic radii are measured in angstroms.
trends with atomic radius and why
it gets larger as you go to the bottom left corner, this occurs because as you add a new shell it gets larger and as you add protons the pull on the outer electrons becomes greater and pulls them tighter.
what is Effective Nuclear Charge
Effective Nuclear Charge or ENC is the attractive force between protons and electrons, and it is the force that keeps electrons in orbit
What is Shielding
Shielding os the process that occurs when electrons are added to an atom the innermost electrons start to shield the outer electrons from the ENC/nucleus.
What is ionisation Energy and what are the trends and how do you measure it.
it is when energy (often in the form of a proton) is added to an atom with the result of removing an electron from it’s orbit. the larger the atoms radius the easier it’s electrons are to remove from it’s orbit because of the reduced ENC this is measured in KJ
What is Electronegativity, how is it measured and what are the trends
it is the measure of an atoms attractions to another’s atoms electrons. this is measure from 0-4 pauling’s, metals give electrons so they have low electronegativity, non metals take electrons and have a high electronegativity
what are the trends with overall Reactivity
The larger the metal the more reactive because they have to give electrons, the smaller the non-metals the more they take.
what is the octet rule
the goal of most atoms is to have 8 electrons in it’s valence shell this is accomplished by giving or taking electrons when bonding
