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EHAPC > PE Fire Safety > Flashcards

PE Fire Safety Flashcards

1
Q

What are the component parts of the triangle of fire?

A

Heat
Fuel
Oxygen

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2
Q

What are the consequences of fire within a building?

A

Loss of life
Loss of business
Injuries as a result of the fire or evacuation of the building
Property damage - both cosmetic and structural
Loss of data and records
Loss of business
Reputation damage arising from difficulties in continuing to trade

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3
Q

What are detection systems?

A

Smoke and heat alarms

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4
Q

What are suppression systems e.g. in a school?

A

Fire extinguishers
Fire sprinklers
Fire suppression
Gaseous

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5
Q

What are the legal requirements for sprinkler systems in commercial buildings in England?

A

For life safety, new residential blocks over 30m high must be fitted with sprinklers to meet Approved Document B standards

A compartmented area in a shop or self-storage building over 2,000 square metres requires sprinkler protection

There are corresponding regulations applying to large single storey buildings used for storage and/or distribution where the largest permitted unsprinklered compartment is 20,000 square metres

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6
Q

What is the RICS guidance on retrofitting sprinkler systems to higher risk residential buildings?

A

RICS would generally only consider retrofitting to be necessary in higher-risk residential buildings in specific circumstances

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7
Q

How may a fire start in a building?

A

Faulty electrical wiring
Carelessness, e.g. discarding cigarettes, overloading electrical plugs
Arson
Cooking
Heating

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8
Q

How can a fire spread internally in a multi storey building?

A

Direct burning
Radiation
Convection
Conduction

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9
Q

You are designing a 4-story building and are looking at the fire safety as part of your design process. Which of these are measures you can consider to lower the fire risk to the premises?

A

Install lighting conductors

Limitation of the horizontal spread of smoke by the installation of smoke curtains

Install warning systems

Install sprinklers or other fire suppression systems

Ensuring that escape routes are easily accessible and are neither too long nor too complex

Use of fire containment to provide a place of safety within a building as a last resort

Install smoke vents

Ensure that there is adequate passive compartmentation

Resistance to the transfer of excessive heat, i.e. ability to provide insulation from high temperatures

Design out ignition sources

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10
Q

You are inspecting an office being built and want to pay particular attention to see if the fire doors have been installed correctly. What would you look for?

A

That the door is certified

The door frame has been be purchased from the fire door manufacturer or from a company licensed to manufacture them

The intumescent seals are in place, well attached inside the groove in the frame or door leaf, continuous around the frame and free from damage

That the door fully closes into the frame

The vision panels have been glazed

That the frame is correct

The correct glass has been fitted to any vision panel

That the gaps top and sides of the doors are less than 4mm from the frame

That the door is secured using three hinges, firmly fixed with all screws fitted. The screws should be the correct size and the hinges free from metal fragments and oil leakage

That a door closer has been fitted and that this is correctly attached and free from damage

The door closer is the correct model

If the doors are fitted with hold open devices, you would test them

That the door and frame are damage free

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11
Q

What are methods for the protection of structural steelwork from the effects of a fire?

A

Concrete
Spayed coatings
Intumescent paint
Cladding with fire resistant boards

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12
Q

What method has gained in popularity in the protection of structural steelwork?

A

Intumescent paint

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13
Q

Who, under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, has the responsibility for undertaking the fire risk assessment?

A

The responsible person

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14
Q

Who is the responsible person - under the Reg Reform Fire Safety Order 2005?

A

The owner, where the person in control of the premises does not have control in connection with the carrying on by that person of a trade, business or other undertaking

The person who has control of the premises (as occupier or otherwise) in connection with the carrying on by him of a trade, business or other undertaking (for profit or not)

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15
Q

Your client refuses to have a fire risk assessment carried out, saying they have a fire certificate and that is enough. What is your advice?

A

No, the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 requires a fire risk assessment to be carried out. Fire Certificates (issued under the Fire Precautions Act 1971) have now been abolished and no longer have legal status

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16
Q

Your client, who has taken possession of a brand-new building, refuses to have a fire risk assessment carried out saying the building has been passed by Building Control.

A

The Building Control have assessed and passed the building’s compliance with the Building Regulations. The fire risk assessment is an assessment of risk of the building in use, so one is required

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17
Q

Name the legislation which covers fire risk assessments.

A

Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005

Fire Safety Act 2021

Housing Act 2004

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18
Q

Name the factors which would be taken into account in conducting a fire risk assessment for a relatively new building

A

Fire detections systems and different categories of fire alarm

Fire suppression systems / devices and the different types of these

The number of and width of escape routes including the concept of discounting one stair for Means of Escape calculations

The length of escape routes

Compartmentalisation of escape routes

Smoke discharge systems

Sources of ignition

Sources of fuel

Compartmentalisation of the building

Emergency lighting of different types including where it is appropriate to use each type

Smoke extract ventilation

Escape route signage

Time it takes to get out of the building

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19
Q

What specific guidance is there for the fire risk assessment of an old block of purpose-built flats?

A

The Local Authority Group Fire safety in purpose-built blocks of Flats

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20
Q

For converted houses, what is the guidance?

A

LACORS Housing Fire Safety

21
Q

When undertaking the fire risk assessment of the common areas of a 1960/70’s block of flats, you notice that the doors to the individual flats have all been replaced with new UPVC doors. What is the problem with this and what action do you recommend to your client?

A

You must write to the individual leaseholders/freeholders advising them that the doors do not meet current requirements and need to be changed. If they are not changed, they could be liable to action by the Local Authority under the Housing Act 2004

22
Q

At what frequency do evacuation drills have to be carried out?

A

If shift workers are employed then, appropriate arrangements should be made to ensure all staff participate in at least one fire drill per year

Ideally have two fire drills a year at the premises, although this may vary depending on what has been set out in your company’s risk assessment

23
Q

What does PEEP stand for?

A

Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan

24
Q

What is a PEEP?

A

Bespoke ‘escape plan’ for individuals who may not be able to reach an ultimate place of safety unaided or within a satisfactory period of time in the event of any emergency

25
Q

The underlying question in deciding whether a PEEP is necessary is “can you evacuate the building unaided, in a prompt manner, during an emergency situation?” If the answer is “no”, then which of these is likely to need a PEEP?

A

Hearing impairments

Cognitive impairments

Other circumstances

Mobility impairments

Sight impairments

26
Q

When might a temporary PEEP be required?

A

Temporary medical conditions

Short term injuries (i.e. broken leg)

Those in the later stages of pregnancy

27
Q

You have undertaken a survey and identified those who needed a PEEP. 5 months after you are told that one of your female colleagues is 7 months pregnant and is experiencing difficulties using stairs. Your office is on the 15th floor of a high-rise office block, well served by lifts. Does she need a PEEP?

A

Yes

28
Q

What guidance relates to fire risk management systems?

A

BSI PAS 7

29
Q

What factors should be taken into account in a fire strategy for a building?

A

Describes fire safety issues and how they are addressed

Acts as a guide for the design team, by identifying standards or setting performance criteria, e.g. for the capacity of a smoke extract system, and/or the fire resistance of elements of structure

30
Q

What does BSI PAS 7 require for a fire strategy?

A

That the organisation shall define and document it’s fire risk management strategy in order to implement and maintain procedures that identify the aspects of its activities, products and services relevant to the scope

31
Q

What is a Fire Safety Audit?

A

Examination of the business’ premises and relevant documents by fire safety inspectors, to ascertain how the premises are being managed with regards to fire safety

32
Q

What type of documents would you need to see in a Fire Safety Audit?

A

A list of dangerous substances in the premises

Proof that the following have been tested: fire detection and warning systems; emergency lighting; sprinkler system; ventilation system; firefighting equipment; electrical wiring in the building; and portable appliances

Preventative measures to avoid fires in the premises

Fire drill records

Records from staff fire training

Fire safety maintenance checklist

A fire risk assessment

Action plans – if any significant findings were uncovered from the fire risk assessment and not acted on

A document detailing what the protocol is for emergency evacuation

33
Q

According to British Safety Council, what are the steps of undertaking a Fire Safety Audit?

A

Review of fire safety management documentation

Assessment of occupancy levels, means of escape, access and egress arrangements for persons with specific needs during an evacuation event

Performance measurement, monitoring and review arrangements

Interview with management, staff and other stakeholders

Site tour, inspection and operational sampling

Inspection of automatic fire detection systems and planned maintenance regimes

34
Q

What problems may you have in recommending an evacuation policy for a block of privately-owned residential flats?

A

They are under no obligation to comply with the drill

Not all the residents may be at home when the evacuation drill is done so you will never be sure that they are all aware of the procedures

Some of the flats may be sub let and tenants may change between fire drills

35
Q

What is a ‘stay safe’ policy?

A

Residents to keep internal fire doors closed, keep a phone to hand, use wet towels to cover the bottom of doors and stay close to a window

36
Q

Can you ask the fire brigade to carry out a fire risk assessment for you?

A

No, they are the policing body and cannot carry out the fire risk assessment but can be approached for advice

37
Q

What is PAS 9980:2022?

A

It provides a methodology for the fire risk appraisal of external wall construction and cladding of existing multistorey and multi occupied residential buildings

38
Q

Who is responsible for having the fire risk assessment carried out on non-domestic premises?

A

Anyone with control of the premises, for example a facilities manager, building manager, managing agent or risk assessor

39
Q

What are non-domestic premises defined as under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005?

A

All premises the public have access to

All workplaces and commercial premises

The common areas of multi-occupied residential buildings

40
Q

On what types of non-residential property does the Government issue guidance to help in fire risk assessments?

A

Large places of assembly (holding more than 300 people)

Theatres, cinemas and similar premises

Open air events and venues

Healthcare premises

Animal premises and stables

Transport premises and facilities

Offices and shops

Factories and warehouses

Sleeping accommodation

Residential care premises

Educational premises

Small and medium places of assembly (holding 300 people or less)

41
Q

What is included within the hierarchy of fire control measures?

A

Give collective fire safety protective measures priority over individual measures

Give appropriate instructions to employees

Combat risks at source

Adapt to technical progress

Replace the dangerous with the non-dangerous or the less dangerous

Develop a coherent overall fire prevention policy which covers technology, organisation of work and the influence of factors relating to the working environment

Evaluate risks which cannot be avoided

42
Q

How far should an assembly point be away from a building?

A

18-20 m

43
Q

Although the route to the assembly point needs to be as direct as possible, what do you need to take into consideration?

A

There should be no potential obstructions for those with mobility issues

The need to cross roads should be avoided to prevent panicked occupants of a building from stepping into oncoming traffic

The route should not be across grassed areas to avoid the risk of slipping and causing injury

44
Q

Is it safe to designate an enclosed area as an assembly area?

A

No

45
Q

Under the Housing Act 2004, are the structure and external parts of the building
included in the definition of Common Parts?

A

Yes

46
Q

What is the industry-wide process relating to the valuation of high-rise buildings known as?

A

External Wall Fire Review Process (EWS 1)

47
Q

What international standards relate to fire safety?

A

International Fire Safety Standards (IFSS)

48
Q

In what year was the Fire Safety Act passed?

A

2021

EHAPC (41 decks)

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