Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DT3 Exam 2 > Path phys of HF Puri > Flashcards

Path phys of HF Puri Flashcards

1
Q

What is heart failure

A

inability for heart to meet requirements of the periphery without excessive filling pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who has the highest incidence of heart failure at a younger age

A

Black men and women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the number one risk factor of Heart failure

A

Poor management of hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Systolic dysfunction

A

Can’t pump enough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diastolic dysfunction

A

Can’t fill enough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HF reduced EF is characterized by

A

LV dilation with EF < 40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HF preserved EF

A

concentric LV hypertrophy with EF > 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What changes in Systolic dysfunction? EF ?

A

Ejection Fraction is reduced due to loss of contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What changes in diastolic dysfunction? EF?

A

reduced compliance

This has a preserved EF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes HF Red EF

A

Infarction

Dialated Cadiomyopathy

Volume overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes HF Preserved EF

A

Hypertension

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (Sarcoidosis/Amyloidosis/HOCM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the sign that is indicitave of very poor outcome of heart failure

A

Audible S3 w/ backwards heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the cardinal signs of heart failure

A

Worsening dyspnea

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

weight gain

dec exercise capacity

Sleep disordered breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Audible S3 indicates

A

Backward failure /Systolic dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Audible S4 indicates

A

Diastolic dysfunciton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gold standard for heart failure workup

A

Echocardiogram to get EF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a biomarker for heart failure

A

BNP

copeptin

cystatin C

18
Q

What does Ang II activate

A

AVP and SNS

19
Q

What way does the AVP line graph shift in heart failure

A

To the left mimicing a loss of blood volume even though there isn’t a loss

20
Q

What do you measure to check on AVP level

A

Copeptin bc it has a longer halflife

21
Q

How can you help ANP and BNP support heart failure more

A

Give ernesto to block neprilysin and AT1R

22
Q

What does long activation of ATII cause

A

oxidative stress

23
Q

What do dying hearts have more of inside them

A

Calcium. lesser ATP reduces SERCA. The heart cannot relax

24
Q

Failing hearts on EKG

A

reduced slope phase 0

ERP is shorter (reentry arrythmias)

25
Q

HF red EF present with what type of hypertrophy

A

eccentric (volume) hypertrophy (series)

26
Q

HF pres EF present with what type of hypertrophy

A

concentric (pressure) hypertrophy (parallel)

27
Q

Why are ACE inhibitors venodilators and vasodilators

A

bradykinin is a venodilator

28
Q

Why are ARBs vasodilators

A

ARBs only prevent ATII which is a vasoconstictor

29
Q

What is BNP

A

vaso/veno dilator

30
Q

What can provide symptomatic relief in HF

A

diuretics

31
Q

What diuretic helps in a kidney with a lower filtration rate

A

Loops

32
Q

What should you use in HF with EF < 35%

A

Spironolactione

Eplerenone

33
Q

What to give when dealing with cardiac remodeling

A

B blocker (carvedilol)

ACE inhibitor

Spironolactinone

34
Q

How to give B blockers?

A

Small amount then work up

MONITOR WEIGHT

35
Q

What should you never increase digoxin above

A

1ng/mL

36
Q

Digoxin side effects

A

PVCs

bradycardia-> tachycardia

Yellow vision

37
Q

Treat digoxin

A

Digibind- Fab fragments

38
Q

What should you always start with in heart failure

A

ACE inhibitors regardless of Race

39
Q

What do you give if someone doesn’t respond to an ACE inhibitor

A

hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate (Bidil)

40
Q

What does Ivabradine block

A

HCN channel to reduce HR

41
Q

Which increases the chance of survival most in sudden cardiac death

A

Implantable defibrillator

42
Q

Best treatment for preserved ejection fraction HF?

A

Prevention (only treatment is transplant)

DT3 Exam 2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions