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Renal > Passmed Qs > Flashcards

Passmed Qs Flashcards

1
Q

What stones are diamond shaped

A

Uric acid stones

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2
Q

Envelope shaped crystals are typical of what stone ?

A

Calcium oxalate

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3
Q

Cystine stones are usually what shape

A

Hexagonal

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4
Q

Magnesium Phosphate stones are usually what shape

A

Coffin lid

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5
Q

What are struvite stones made from

A

Magnesium , ammonia and phosphate

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6
Q

Why do struvite stones occur

A

As a result of urease producing bacteria such as proteus mirabilis

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7
Q

What would make you think a patient has horse shoe kidney

A

Patients complaining of abdominal discomfort with frequent episodes of kidney stones and UTI

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8
Q

What drugs must be stopped in patients with AKI

A

NSAIDs - naproxen , ibuprofen
Aminoglycoside antibiotics - gentamicin
Ace I - ramipril
Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists - losartan
Diuretics

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9
Q

What stones are radiolucent on scans ( can’t be seen )

A

Uric acid stones

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10
Q

Membranous glomerulonephritis histology would show ?

A

basement membrane thickening on light microscopy
subepithelial spikes on sliver stain
positive immunohistochemistry for PLA2

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11
Q

Why should aspirin not be used for under 16’s

A

due to risk of reyes syndrome unless for kawasaki disease

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12
Q

A patient presenting with recurrent macroscopic haematuria with a history of upper respiratory ttract infection would indicade

A

Iga nephropathy

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13
Q

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, type 2, is caused by

A

persistent activation of the alternative complement pathway

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14
Q

Contraindication of ace

A

renovascular disease

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15
Q

What is seen on biopsy with iga nephropathy

A

mesangial hypercellularity with positive immunofluorescence for IgA & C3

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16
Q

Describe rhabdomyolysis

A
  • damaged muscle release myoglobin which is nephrotoxic
  • causes renal ischaemia
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17
Q

In patients complaining of abdominal discomfort and nausea with frequent episodes of kidney stones and uti what anatomical abnormality would you expect

A

Fused kidneys crossing anterior to the aorta

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18
Q

Raised mcv and low haemoglobin would indicate

A

Macrocyclic anaemia

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19
Q

What is the most common cause of infravesical outflow obstruction in males

A

Posterior urethral valves

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20
Q

What lobe of the prostate is usually enlarged in bph

A

Median lobe

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21
Q

What casts are found in ckd

A

Waxy casts

22
Q

spironolactone act on ? and what do they commonly cause ?

A

collecting duct- aldosteronr antagonist
hyperkalaemia and a side effect is breast tissue growth

23
Q

What ecg sign shows hyperkalaemia

A

Tall tented T waves

24
Q

most common cause of infravesical outflow obstruction in males ?

A

posterior urethral valves

25
Q

definitive treatment of posterior urethral valves

A

endoscopic valvotomy

26
Q

what tumors appear pink

A

transitional cell carcinomas

27
Q

what color are most renal tumors

A

yellow or brown

28
Q

medication for prostate cancer

A

goserelin
GnRH agonist

29
Q

Which part of the prostate does prostate cancer most commonly arise from?

A

peripheral zone

30
Q

which part of the prostate does BPH arise from

A

transitional zone

31
Q

most common renal stone

A

calcium oxalate

32
Q

what are the defining features of alports syndrome

A

-young
-haematuria
-hearing loss

33
Q

what are the defining features of alports syndrome

A

-young
- hematuria
- hearing loss
-eye problems

34
Q

What is alports syndrome

A
  • defect in type iv collagen
    X linked dominant
35
Q

Horse shoe kidneys are trapped under what structure

A

inferior mesenteric artery

36
Q

side effect of tamsulosin

A

postural hypotension

37
Q

Painless haematuria in a life long smoker suggest ?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

38
Q

Painful haematuria would present in what conditions ?

A

Urolithiasis
Infection

39
Q

Does bph present with haematuria

A

No presents with hesitancy , poor flow , dribbling

40
Q

Visible haematuria is… until proven otherwise

A

Bladder cancer

41
Q

what is an effect of tamsulosin

A

postural htn

42
Q

GFR is ata 75 what stage is this

A

stage 2

43
Q

what electrolyte can cause a brown tinge to the skin

A

urea

44
Q

Staghorn calculi is usually made from what

A

Struvite

45
Q

first line tx for minimal change disease

A

prednisolone

46
Q

what medication can help with voiding

A

tamsulosin

47
Q

what medication can help with reducing prostate growth

A

finasteride

dutasteride

48
Q

a patient presenting with renal and resp symptoms =

A

GOOD PASTURES

49
Q

FIRSTline drug for symptomatic relief for stones

A

diclofenac

50
Q

Reynooll pentad

A

Chariots triad
Confusion
Hypotension

Renal (15 decks)

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