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Mind, Body and Brain > Parts of the Neurons and functions > Flashcards

Parts of the Neurons and functions Flashcards

To learn and understand functions clearly

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1
Q

What are Dendrite?

A

Fibre extension of cell body that receives signal from other neurons.

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2
Q

Part of the neuron that contains the nucleus, which directs the manufacture of substances that the neuron needs for growth and maintenance

A

Cell body

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3
Q

Protecting the cell and moves chemicals in and out of the cell

A

Cell membrane

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4
Q

What does the Axon do ?

A

Portion of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.

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5
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Axon?

A

Axon Hillock
Axon Proper
Axon terminal

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6
Q

The region of a neuron that controls the initiation of an electrical impulse .

A

Axon Hillock

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7
Q

What is the function of the Myelin Sheath ?

A

Increase or decreases the speed of electrical communication between neurons.

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8
Q

What is the function of the Node of Ranvier ?

A

Allow for ions to diffuse in and out of the neuron, sending the electrical signal down the axon.

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9
Q

What is the function of the Nucleus?

A

Controls the cells and is also where proteins are produced to maintain the functioning of the neuron.

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10
Q

What can’t Glia’s do?

A

Can’t generate action potentials like axons and dendrites.

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11
Q

Why do some neurons have more dendrites ?

A

Because of the surface areas they need to cover.

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12
Q

Special neurons found in cerebellum with highly developed dendrite trees which allows them to receive thousands of signals.

A

Purkinje cells

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13
Q

Why does some neurons have more condensed dendrites?

A

Need to maintain multiple actions in cerebellum so you need multiple signals for those actions.

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14
Q

Where is the pyramidal cell located?

A

In the cortex of the brain.

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15
Q

Where is the Purkinje cell located ?

A

In the thalamus.

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16
Q

What are the 2 different pathways of neurons in the spinal cord?

A

Afferent and Efferent

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17
Q

Where does the info from the afferent pathway go ?

A

From the body to the central nervous system.

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18
Q

The function of _______ is to send motor commands from the brain to the body, send sensory information from the body to the brain, and coordinate reflexes.

A

Spinal cord

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19
Q

What are neurons ?

A

Nerve cells that send messages all over your body to allow you to do everything from breathing to talking, eating, walking, and thinking

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20
Q

How do neurons communicate ?

A

Electrically and is based on excitability

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21
Q

What is the function of the interneuron?

A

Receives info from other neurons (sensory or interneurons) and transmits info to (motor neurons or interneurons)

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22
Q

Regions of communication between two cells that provides for transfer for info from one neuron to another. Means to fasten together.

A

Synapses

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23
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals that allow neurons to communicate with each other throughout the body.

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24
Q

Autonomic

A

A component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.

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25
Q

Somatic

A

A component of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles.

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26
Q

What is the function of the Efferent pathway?

A

Carry motor information away from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands of the body in order to initiate an action.

27
Q

Non-neuronal cells of the brain and nervous system (not nerves).

A

Glia

28
Q

Types of Glia

A

1.Astrocytes
2. Oligodendrocytes
3. Microglia

29
Q

Define Afferent neurons?

A

Nerve fibers responsible for bringing sensory information from the outside world into the brain.

30
Q

What are action potentials ?

A

The way the brain communicates with each other through electrical impulses at synapses.

31
Q

An ________occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body.

A

Action Potential

32
Q

3 main types of neurons include …

A

Sensory , Motor and Interneurons

33
Q

Breaks in Myelin Sheath are called

A

Nodes on Ranvier

34
Q

The ends of axons which transmit messages to other cells via use of neurotransmitters at synapses.

A

Axon Terminal

35
Q

The portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the brain stem.

A

Cerebellum

36
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum ?

A

The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, and other complex motor functions.

37
Q

The ________ is the outer layer of your brain’s surface, located on top of the cerebrum.

A

Cerebral cortex

38
Q

What is the function of the Cerebral cortex ?

A

The cerebral cortex carries out essential functions of your brain, like memory, thinking, learning, reasoning, problem-solving, emotions, consciousness, and sensory functions.

39
Q

Your peripheral nervous system has two main subsystems. What are they?

A

Autonomic and Somatic

40
Q

Nervous system processes your brain runs automatically and without you thinking about them.

A

Autonomic

41
Q

These are functions you manage by thinking about them.

A

Somatic

42
Q

An egg-shaped structure in the middle of your brain.

A

Thalamus

43
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Relaying sensory and motor signals, as well as regulation of consciousness and alertness.

44
Q

The _________is cell body of a neuron and contains the nucleus of the cell.

A

Soma

45
Q

_____ neurons are relatively rare. They are sensory neurons found in olfactory epithelium, the retina of the eye, and ganglia of the vestibulocochlear nerve.

A

Bipolar neurons

46
Q

Unipolar neurons are

A

Sensory neurons with cell bodies located in spinal and cranial nerve ganglia.

47
Q

______ originate as bipolar neurons and subsequently become unipolar.

A

Pseudo-unipolar neurons

48
Q

__________ are the most common type of neuron. They are located in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and in autonomic ganglia. These neurons have more than two processes emanating from the neuron cell body.

A

Multipolar neurons

49
Q

________’s function is to transmit nerve impulses between two nerve cells (neurons) or between a neuron and muscle cell.

A

Synaptic end bulb

50
Q

A type of multipolar neuron found in areas of the brain including the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala.

A

Pyramidal cell

51
Q

Multipolar neurons include:

A

Purkinje neurons,
Motor Neurons
Pyramidal Neurons

52
Q

Retinal and olfactory neurons are examples of

A

Bipolar neurons

53
Q

The cortex is made of what kind of cells?

A

Somatosensory cells

54
Q

The part of the sensory system concerned with the conscious perception of touch, pressure, pain, temperature, position, movement, and vibration

A

Somatosensory cells

55
Q

Where are motor neurons located?

A

In spinal cord

56
Q

This pathways controls sensory info
visual, auditory, chemoreceptors and somatosensory.

A

Afferent pathways

57
Q

This pathways controls motor info
contraction of skeletal muscles and movement through somatic ns.

A

Efferent

58
Q

_____ Brings sensory info outside of central nervous system

A

Afferent

59
Q

Efferent brings _______ to __________

A

Motor info to peripheral

60
Q

Source of electrical activity produced by charge particles

A

Potential

61
Q

Electrostatic pressure is

A

the force produced by repulsion and attraction.

62
Q

______ are in the charge particles that produce the potential

A

Ions

63
Q

_______ is what we use to describe the difference in voltage (or electrical potential) between the inside and outside of a cell.

A

Membrane potential

Mind, Body and Brain (2 decks)

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