Part 3: History & Names

Question 1

________ is the belief that some forms of life arise spontaneously from non-living matter.

Answer 1

Spontaneous generation (abiogenesis)

Question 2

Who was the British nurse that was responsible for introducing cleanliness and other antiseptic techniques into nuring practices, and set standards for hygiene in hospitals?

Answer 2

Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)

Question 3

Which scientist started the field of immunology?

Answer 3

Edward Jenner (1749-1823)

Cowpox virus protected humans from small pox

Question 4

Which 2 scientists were responsible for discovering the germ theory?

Answer 4

Germ Theory of Disease

1. ) Robert Koch (Germany)
2. ) Louis Pasteur (France)

showed that disease was a result of infection by microorganisms

Question 5

_______ is the belief that living cells can only arise from pre-existing living cells.

Answer 5

Biogenesis theory

(opposing theory to abiogenesis)

Question 6

Which scientist was known for improving surgical techniques to prevent wound infection, and introduced the concept of antiseptic surgery using heat sterilized tools and phenol, which inhibits bacterial cell growth and kills bacteria?

Answer 6

Joseph Lister

Question 7

Which scientist was responsible for starting the field of etiology, the study of disease causation?

Answer 7

Robert Koch (1843-1910)

Question 8

Which scientist was the first to obersve and describe microorganisms correctly?

(include date)

Answer 8

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1674)

Dutch tailor, merchant, and lens grinder

Question 9

Which 2 scientists discovered the importance of hand washing?

Answer 9

1. ) Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis (1818-1865)
2. ) Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes

Question 10

What idea was responsible for ending the debate between abiogenesis and biogenesis?

Answer 10

germ theory of disease

Question 11

Which scientist formulated a series of proofs to verify that a disease is directly caused by a specific microorganism?

Answer 11

Robert Koch (1843-1910)

Question 12

Which scientist published a paper in 1884 describing the technique for staining bacteria?

Answer 12

Hans Christian Gram (1853-1938)

Question 13

Who was the first person to accidentally discover antibiotics?

Answer 13

Alexander Fleming (1881-1955)

Question 14

Which scientist was responsible for the cell theory?

(include date)

Answer 14

Robert Hooke (1665)

Question 15

Name the 3 main microbiological advancements contributed by Koch.

Answer 15

1. ) Using agar as a gelling agent
2. ) The creation of nutrient broth and nutrient agar
3. ) The creation of the “Petri dish”

Question 16

Who was responsible for creating the binomial system (2-word naming system)?

Genus name, then specific epithet (species name)

Answer 16

Carl von Linne (1701-1778)

Question 17

Which scientist did important work with fermentation and putrefaction, and produced vaccines using attenuated strains of disease causing organisms?

Answer 17

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) = VACCINES

HEAT

Anthrax vaccine, rabies vaccine