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MEDICINA ESTOMATOLÓGICA > PARCIAL 2 > Flashcards

PARCIAL 2 Flashcards

1
Q

is a chronic disease, characterized by increased body fat, associated with increased health risk.

A

Obesity

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2
Q

Mention some risk factors for obesity

A

-physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle
-consumption of foods with high energy density
-soft drinks and sugary drinks

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3
Q

IMC for a normal weight

A

18.5 to 24.9

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4
Q

Overweight or pre obesity IMC

A

25 to 29.9

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5
Q

IMC for Obesity type I or moderate

A

30 - 34.9

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6
Q

IMC for obesity type II o severe

A
  1. to 39.9
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7
Q

IMC for obesity type III or morbid

A

= or +40

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8
Q

> 130/85mm Hg blood pressure
Abdominal adiposity (H: >102cm. M: >88cm)
Insulin resistance with glucose intolerance
Dyslipidemic pattern including increased plasma triglycerides >150mg/dL Low levels of high-density lipoproteins and cholesterol
This characteristics can cause

A

Metabolic syndrome

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9
Q

Taking the abdominal circumference values, what is the alert zone in men?

A

> 102cm

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10
Q

Taking the abdominal circumference values, what is the alert zone in women?

A

> 88cm

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11
Q

Mention some of the most common consequences of obesity

A
  • hypertension
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Increased cholesterol
  • Systemic inflammation
  • Cancer
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12
Q

What’s the obesity treatment?

A
  • lifestyle modification
  • healthy eating
  • exercise
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13
Q

What’s the recommended weight loss per week?

A

1 kilogram

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14
Q

What’s the mexican norm for the dental tx of a px with arterial hypertension

A

Nom 030 SSA2-1999

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15
Q

most common systemic disease in the adult population

A

Hypertension

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16
Q

increased blood pressure above 140mmHg systolic 90mmHg diastolic

A

Hypertension

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17
Q

is the result of cardiac output multiplied by peripheral vascular resistance

A

blood pressure

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18
Q

Risk factors for hypertension

A

obesity
Smoking
Sedentary life
diet
Salt consumption

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19
Q

The force with which blood is ejected from the heart and exerted against the walls of the arteries

A

Blood pressure

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20
Q

force of blood ejected from the heart on the walls of the vessels

A

Systolic blood pressure

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21
Q

minimum value of blood pressure, distended state of arterial walls

A

Diastolic blood pressure

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22
Q

What blood pressure regulation systems makes sure that it doesn’t decrease by increasing the pressure by retaining fluids

A

Vasopressin

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23
Q

Vasoconstrcitor used as a BP regulation system so that it doesn’t increase the BP

A

Renin-anglotensin-aldosterone system

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24
Q

What type of pulse is looked for in the step 2 of taking the PA

A

Humeral pulse which should be identified by palpation & with the help of direct ausultation (stethoscope)

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25
Q

How does the HTA evolves?

A

it damages all body tissues as to give rise to clinical manifestations

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26
Q

place the cuff above the stethoscope and raise it between 160-180 mmHG and slowly and constantly release the pressure

A

Step 3 of taking the PA

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27
Q

How is it usually diagnosed the HTA?

A

by having 3+ readings of 140/90mmHg or more

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28
Q

How can we reduce the risk before any tx?

A

by knowing the px condition before starting any tx and the medication it takes

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29
Q

What modifications should be made to the tx plan for a px stage 1 (140-159/90-99mmHg) HTA

A

No modifications, just inform the px, refer to the physician or both

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30
Q

What tx can be made on a HTA STAGE 2 px (160-179/100-109mmHg)

A

Restorations, profi, non-surgical perio or endo therapy. Aside that to continue the tx the px must be under control

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31
Q

What tx can only be made on px whose STAGE 3 HTA (180-209/100-119mmHg)

A

Just emergency procedures, pain relief, tx of infections, masticatory disfunctons and consultation

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32
Q

What tx can be made on a HTA px STAGE 4 (+210/+110mmHg)

A

Refer immediately to the doctor

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33
Q

When having a HTA px at what time of the day is recommended having the appointments?

A

Evening

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34
Q

What should we do with our HTA px in each consult

A

Take pressure

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35
Q

If prescribed an anxiolytic for our HTA px when it must be taken and which one would you recommend

A

A day before or 1 hr before. Diazepam 2mg

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36
Q

which anesthetic is NOT used in a HTA px (>160)

A

adrenergic anesthetic with vasoconstrictor & betablockers

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37
Q

Complementary studies in patients with renal damage:

A

complete blood count (BH)
● urea and creatinine
● general urine test

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38
Q

heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, due to decreased insulin secretion or utilization, or both

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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39
Q

_______ without tx is accompanied by macro and microvascular alterations (atherosclerosis and microangiopathy) that favor the development of hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents, retinopathy and renal failure, among other complications, as well as a tendency to infections and repair disorders

A

Diabetes

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40
Q

Risk factors for diabetes

A
  • Relative with DM
  • Age 45 & over
  • Obesity
  • No exercise
  • hypertension
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41
Q

signs and symptoms of the diabetes

A

-Polyuria (as the main initial manifestation)
- polydipsia
- polyphagia
- Fatigue
- weight loss without attempts at this

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42
Q

Diabetes classification
Type 1

A

insulin dependent

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43
Q

Diabetes classification
Type 2

A

Not dependent

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44
Q

inadequate fasting glucose
impaired glucose tolerance

A

Prediabetes

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45
Q

DM mediated by Immune and Ac processes or ) Idiopathic (permanent insulinopenia/autoimmune disease)

A

Diabetes Type 1

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46
Q

Associated with other autoimmune diseases such as Grave’s, Hashimoto’s, Addison’s, vitiligo and pernicious anemia

A

Diabetes type 1

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47
Q

Type of DM which is Idiopathic (permanent insulinopenia/evidence of an autoimmune process).

A

DM type 1

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48
Q

Type of DM in which insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency or secretory defect (Before NIDDM or adult).

A

Type 2

49
Q

DM Associated with obesity or abdominal distribution of fat.

A

Type 2

50
Q

some degree of “intolerance” to glucose that manifests itself during pregnancy, which may be transient or may exacerbate hidden

A

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

51
Q

DM2 Diagnostic Tests

A

Fasting and postprandial blood glucose at 2 hours

52
Q

Control tests DM2

A

glycosylated hemoglobin

53
Q

for monitoring, not diagnostic, measures past 2-3 months of blood glucose. Indicated once or twice a year in patients diagnosed with good control (less than 7%) and quarterly for patients with treatment changes or poorly controlled.

A

glycosylated hemoglobin

54
Q

interpretation of the fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin

A

+126 mg/100 mL of blood are considered abnormal

55
Q

Normal values of fasting glucose

A

<100mg/dL

56
Q

Normal values of plasma glucose 2 hrs pospandrial

A

<140mg/dL

57
Q

Normal values of HbA test

A

<5.7-6.4%

58
Q

Consequences of abnormal values in the diabetic tests

A
  • prone to infection
  • poor wound healing/surgical bleeding
    -Inflammatory response
    -periodontal disorders
59
Q

Diabetes oral complications:

A
  1. Oral ulcers
  2. Thrush
  3. Glossitis
  4. Xerostomía
  5. Lichen planus
  6. Leukoplakia
    Periodontal disease
  7. Caries
60
Q

At what time of the day should we do the appointments for diabetic patients

A

Mornings

61
Q

For elective dental tx in a suscpicious diabetes px at what percentage should be the glycemic control

A

should be less than 7% but up to 9%

62
Q

at what percentage of the glycemic control is contraindicated the dental tx

A

10%

63
Q

BP regulation system which retains fluids as to increase blood pressure

A

Vasopressin

64
Q

BP regulation system which is a vasoconstrictor so that it doesn’t increase blood pressure

A

Renin-angiotesin-aldosterone

65
Q

Mention in order the steps to take the PA

A
  1. Calm & seated place the arm on a flat surface
  2. Identify the humeral pulse by palpation with the help of direct ascultation (stethoscope)
  3. Place the cuff above the stethoscope and raise it between 160-18mmHg. Slowly & constantly release the pressure
  4. Listen carefully for the beginning and end of the heart sound
66
Q

What’s the normal values of blood pressure

A

120/80

67
Q

What are the values of the stage 1 of hypertension?

A

140-159/90-99

68
Q

What are the values of the stage 2 of hypertension?

A

160-179/100-109mmHg

69
Q

What are the values of the stage 3 of hypertension?

A

180-209/110-119mmHg

70
Q

What are the values of the stage 4 of hypertension?

A

> 210/>110mmHg

71
Q

In which stage of hypertension we don’t make modifications to the treatment plan. We just inform the px about it’s condition and refer it to the physician

A

STAGE 1

72
Q

In which stage of hypertension we only do selective dental treatments and non-surgical, non periodontal neither endodontic therapy?

A

STAGE 2

73
Q

In which stage of hypertension we can only do non-stress emergency procedures, pain relief, treatment of infections and consultations?

A

STAGE 3

74
Q

In which stage of hypertension we should refer immediately to the doctor?

A

STAGE 4

75
Q

At what time of the day we should have a consultation of a hypertense patient?

A

Evening

76
Q

Mention some of the ACUTE complications of the DM

A

a. Diabetes ketoacidosis
b. Nonketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma
c. Hypoglycemic shock

77
Q

Mention some of the CHRONIC complications of the DM

A
  1. Retinopathy
  2. Nephropathy
  3. Atherosclerotic artery disease
  4. neuropathy
78
Q

Which type of DM is dependent of insulin

A

Type 1

79
Q

Which type of DM is NOT dependent of insulin

A

Type 2

80
Q

Mention the 5 phases of a dental tx plan on a diabetic px

A

I. Systemic phase (pharma control)
II. Local no dental (Treat injuries or characteristic conditions)
III. Aconditioning (Eradicate sources of infection)
IV. Rehabilitation (Asses perio status, protesis)
V. Follow-up (Strengthen preventive and conservation aspects)

81
Q

Who suffers from eating disorders?

A

people from 12 to 25 years

82
Q

Between what ages the frequency of an eating disorder increases?

A

between 12 and 17

83
Q

In which sex occur most the eating disorders?

A

Women

84
Q

Why do eating disorders occur?

A
  • Cultural
  • Familiar
  • Personal (psychological)
85
Q

Clinically,__________ is considered a specific syndrome, whose essential characteristics are:
* Refusal to maintain normal minimum body weight
* Intense fear of gaining weight
* Significantly impaired perception of body shape or size
* The appearance of amenorrhea in women.

A

Anorexia nervosa

86
Q

There are two subtypes of anorexia nervosa

A
  1. Resctrictive
  2. Compulsive/Purgatory
87
Q

Type of anorexia nervosa in which there is a decreased amount of food and increased exercise

A

Restrictive

88
Q

Type of anorexia nervosa in which Half of the bulimic anorexias after long periods of starvation binge eating followed by induced vomitin

A

Compulsive/purgatory

89
Q

Recurrent episodes of voracious eating, at least 2 weekly for 3 months. Compensatory behaviors to not gain weight, with a sustained character: self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, diuretics, enemas or other drugs, excessive physical exercise.

A

Bulimia

90
Q

2 types of bulimia

A

a) purgative
b) non purgative

91
Q

self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, diuretics, excessive enemas

A

purgative type of bulimia

92
Q

use fasting or excessive physical exercise

A

non purgative bulimia

93
Q

An episode of voracious ingestion is characterized by two of the following characteristics:

A
  • Eating + food than what people would do under the same circumstances
  • Feeling lack of control over eating
94
Q

Inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as: self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, diuretics, enemas or other medications, fasting or excessive exercise.

A

Bulimia nervosa

95
Q

the first and most visible is the continuous and prolonged loss of weight, which can lead to extreme thinness and malnutrition; This is reflected in dry skin with a grayish or yellowish color, brittle nails, weakening or hair loss, intolerance to cold and the persistence of low temperatures in the feet and hands, which acquire a purple color.

A

Physical signs of anorexia

96
Q

difficult to detect because binge eating and compensating are done in secret and do not necessarily lead to continued weight loss. In the case of those who vomit, it is necessary to look for accompanying physical signs such as lesions or loss of dental enamel, abrasions in the interphalangeal joints of those fingers used to cause vomiting.

A

Physical signs of bulimia

97
Q

The pattern of distribution of erosive lesions in the palatal surfaces of teeth and occlusal surfaces of lower premolars/molars caused by vomiting is known as

A

PERIMYLOLYSIS

98
Q

Occurs in 10-50% of patients with self-induction of vomiting and is often bilateral, symmetrical, and soft to the touch

A

Non-inflammatory sialadenitis

99
Q

mood disorder that causes symptoms of distress, affecting how you feel, think, and coordinate daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working.

A

Depresion

100
Q
  • When you have symptoms of depression most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks, and they interfere with your ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy life.
A

MAJOR DEPRESSION

101
Q

When you have symptoms of depression that last for at least two years. The person who has been diagnosed with this type of depression may have episodes of major depression along with periods of less severe symptoms.

A

PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (DYSTHYMIA)

102
Q

experience major depression during pregnancy or after childbirth (postpartum depression).

A

PERINATAL DEPRESSION

103
Q

A type of depression that comes and goes with the seasons, usually beginning in late fall or early winter and disappearing in the spring and summ

A

SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER

104
Q

This type of depression occurs when a person has severe depression in addition to some form of psychosis, such as having fixed and disturbing false beliefs (delusions) or hearing or seeing disturbing things that others cannot hear or see (hallucinations)

A

PSYCHOTIC DEPRESSION

105
Q

The presence of more than one disorder or disease at the same time.

A

COMORBIDITY

106
Q

Affects the prognosis and survival of patients with heart disease or cancer

A

DEPRESSION

107
Q

In depression there may be elevated levels of __________ ____________, which are causative factors in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.

A

proinflammatory cytokines

108
Q

The most common oral manifestation of eating disorder

A

TOOTH EROSION

109
Q

The treatment of obesity aims to achieve a 10% reduction in body weight in the presence of type I obesity

A

TRUE

110
Q

According to the World Health Organization, obesity is chronic disease characterized by increased body fat associated with increased health risk:

A

TRUE

111
Q

One of the blood pressure regulation systems in which fluid is retained so that the pressure does not decrease

A

Vasopressin

112
Q
A
113
Q

Sound heard through the stethoscope when taking blood pressure

A

KOROTKOFF SOUNDS

114
Q

50 year-old female patient, hypertensive, BP 168/103mmHg. Consult for discomfort in the palate and tongue, and xerostomia. Upon inspection, an erythematous stain was observed on the palate and atrophy of the piliform papillae on the tongue. A misfit prosthesis carrier for a year, what treatments can be given to the patient regarding her blood pressure.

A

A SELECTIVE DENTAL TREATMENT

115
Q

The treatment of obesity aims to achieve a 10% reduction in body weight in the presence of type I obesity

A

TRUE

116
Q

The symptom of binge eating occurs without the compensatory behaviour. Whoever who suffers from it may be overweight

A

BINGE EATING

117
Q

With which drugs is there a risk of drug interactions when applying local anesthethic adrenergic vasoconstrictor

A

BETABLOCKERS

118
Q
A

MEDICINA ESTOMATOLÓGICA (2 decks)

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