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Review For Board Exam > Parasitology Pre-Test > Flashcards

Parasitology Pre-Test Flashcards

1
Q

Presence of endoparasite

a. Infection
b. Infestation
c. Superinfection
d. Hyperinfection

A

Infection

Note:
Endoparasite- a parasite that lives in the internal organs or tissues of its host.

Infest conveys the idea of external attack upon something, very appropriate for ectoparasites; infection, on the other side, conveys the idea of an internal parasitism, attack may be included, but attack with penetration.

In parasitology, superinfection is reinfection of the same genus of parasite, as a person infected by Fasciola hepatica again infected by Fasciola gigantica.

Hyperinfection- Repeated reinfection with larvae produced by parasitic worms already in the body due to the ability of various parasites to complete the life cycle within a single host

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2
Q

Parasite that lays larva instead of ova/egg

a. Ovoviparous
b. Viviparous
c. Oviparous
d. Coprophilllic

A

Viviparous

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3
Q

Large roundworm of pig

a. Taenia saginata
b. Ascaris lumbricoides
c. Ascaris suum
d. Taenia solium

A

Ascaris suum

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4
Q

Which parasite is not endemic to Muslim regions?

a. Taenia saginata
b. Taenia solium
c. Trichenella spiralis
d. Both T. saginata and T. spiralis
e. Both T. solium and T. spiralis
f. NOTA

A

Both T. solium and T. spiralis

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5
Q

Which specimen is the least likely to provide recovery of Trichomonas vaginalis?

a. Urine
b. Urethral discharge
c. Vaginal discharge
d. Feces

A

Feces

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6
Q

Visceral larva migrans is associated with which of
the following organisms?

a. Toxocara—serology
b. Onchocerca—skin snips
c. Dracunculus—skin biopsy
d. Angiostrongylus—CSF examination

A

Toxocara—serology

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7
Q

Eating poorly cooked pork can lead to an infection with:

a. Taenia solium and Trichinella spiralis

b. Taenia saginata and Hymenolepis nana

c. Trichuris trichiura and Hymenolepis diminuta

d. Diphyllobothrium latum and Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Taenia solium and Trichinella spiralis

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8
Q

In infections with Taenia solium, humans can serve as the:

a. Definitive host

b. Intermediate host

c. Either the definitive or the intermediate host

d. None of these options

A

Either the definitive or the intermediate host

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9
Q

Its eggs resemble a barrel/football/Japanese lantern shape and has bipolar plugs

a. Strongyloides stercoralis
b. Trichuris trichiura
c. Schistosoma spp.
d. Capillaria spp.

A

Trichuris trichiura

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10
Q

Its eggs resemble a peanut shape/guitar shape and has striated shells

a. Capillaria hepatica

b. Capillaria philippinensis

c. Schistosoma spp.

d. Trichuris trichiura

A

Capillaria philippinensis

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11
Q

Intermediate host of C. philippinensis

a. Hypseleotris bipartia
b. Bagsan
c. Guppy
d. AOTA

A

AOTA

Note:

The natural life cycle of C. philippinensis is believed to involve FISH as intermediate hosts, and fish-eating BIRDS as definitive hosts. HUMANS acquire C. philippinensis by eating small species of infested fish whole and raw.

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12
Q

Causes “herring disease”

a. Toxocara canis
b. Anisakis spp.
c. Baylisascaris procyonis
d. Trichostrongylus spp

A

Anisakis spp.

Note:

Anisakiasis (also known as herring worm disease) is a parasitic disease caused by nematodes (worms) that attach to the walls of the esophagus, stomach, or intestine. Anisakiasis is most commonly found in areas where eating raw fish is popular, such as Japan.

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13
Q

Ugandan eyeworm

a. Loa loa
b. Mansonella ozardi
c. Mansonella perstans
d. Mansonella streptocerca

A

Mansonella perstans

Note:
1. Loa loa- African eyeworm
2. Mansonella ozardi- Filaria ozzardi
3. Mansonella streptocerca- Dipetalonema streptocerca

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14
Q

Eye infections with Acanthamoeba spp. have most commonly been traced to:

a. Use of soft contact lenses

b. Use of hard contact lenses

c. Use of contaminated lens care solutions

d. Failure to remove lenses while swimming

A

Use of contaminated lens care solutions

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15
Q

The most prevalent helminth to infect humans is:

a. Enterobius vermicularis, the pinworm

b. Ascaris lumbricoides, the large intestinal roundworm

c. Taenia saginata, the beef tapeworm

d. Schistosoma mansoni, one of the blood flukes

A

Enterobius vermicularis, the pinworm

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16
Q

Society worm

a. Necator americanus

b. Enterobius vermicularis

c. Ancylostoma brazliense

d. Ancylostoma caninum

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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17
Q

Causes Cochin-China diarrhea

a. Strongyloides stercoralis
b. Hookworm spp.
c. Capillaria spp.
d. NOTA

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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18
Q

Barber’s pole appearance”

a. Anisakis
b. Angiostrongylus cantonensis
c. Dracunculus medinensis
d. Onchocerca vulvulus

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

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19
Q

Smallest tapeworm of man

a. H. diminuta
b. H. nana
c. D. caninum
d. E. granulosus

A

Hymenolepis nana

Note:
Diphyllobothrium latum is the largest parasite of humans

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20
Q

Agent of African sleeping sickness in East Africa

a. Trypanosoma gambiense
b. Trypanosoma rhodiense
c. Tryponosoma cruzi
d. NOTA

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodiense
-Transmitted by Tsetse fly

Notes:
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense- Human African trypanosomiasis aka West African Sleeping Sickness. Transmitted to humans by bites of tsetse flies (glossina) which have acquired the parasites from infected humans or animals.

Trypanosoma cruzi- Causative agent of Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis). Triatomine (reduviid) bug. This bug is also known as the “kissing bug” so named because they bite people on the face — feast on human blood. After they bite, they defecate, which deposits the parasite.

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21
Q

All of the following larva migrate through the lungs except one:

a. Ascaris
b. Hookworm
c. Pinworm
d. Strongyloides

A

Pinworm

22
Q

Habitat of the adult Trichinella spiralis:

a. Small intestines
b. Skeletal muscles
c. Blood
d. CSF

A

Small intestines

23
Q

The adult female is characterized by having a barber’s pole appearance due to the looping of the whitish uterus around the reddish digestive tract:

a. Dracunculus medinensis
b. Strongyloides stercoralis
c. Angiostrongylus cantonensis
d. Necator americanus

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

24
Q

Visceral larva migrans is associated with this organism:

a. Ancylostoma duodenale
b. Toxocara canis
c. Dracunculus medinensis
d. Onchocerca volvulus

A

Toxocara canis

25
Q

Nematode parasite thought to have been the “fiery serpent” of the ancient Israelites. This parasite, which has various species of Cyclops as its intermediate host, is:

a. Dicrocoelium dendrticum
b. Dipetalonema perstans
c. Diphyllobothrium latum
d. Dracunculus medinensis

A

Dracunculus medinensis

Note:
AKA Guinea-worm. The infective larvae develop within water fleas of the genus Cyclops, and human infection is normally acquired through infected drinking water. The larvae penetrate the gut mucosa and grow to maturity in connective tissue, usually of the lower limbs.

26
Q

A dog parasite that almost never develops to an adult in humans has been found in some persons as a cause of a subcutaneous nodule or a solitary peripheral nodule in the lung. This nematode is:

a. Ancylostoma braziliense
b. Dirofilaria immitis
c. Dipylidium caninum
d. Echinococcus granulosus

A

Dirofilaria immitis

Note:
AKA Heartworm or Dog heartworm

27
Q

Microcytic anemia is associated with this parasite:

a. Trichinella spiralis
b. Diphyllobothrium latum
c. Ancylostoma duodenale
d. Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

28
Q

Suitable specimen for the identification of microfilaria:

a. Urine
b. Feces
c. Blood
d. Sputum

A

Blood

29
Q

Which of the following microfilariae is unsheathed?

a. Wuchereria bancrofti
b. Onchocerca volvulus
c. Loa loa
d. Brugia malayi

A

Onchocerca volvulus

Note:

https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/lymphatic-filariasis-254696807/254696807

30
Q

Eye worm producing fugitive swelling or Calabar swelling:

a. Loa loa
b. Onchocerca volvulus
c. Dipetalonema perstans
d. Mansonella ozzardi

A

Loa loa

31
Q

Rhabditiform larva with purposeless motion and short buccal cavity:

a. Hookworm
b. Strongyloides
c. Both of these
d. None of these

A

Strongyloides

32
Q

Operculated ovum containing a miracidium and can appear in sputum, often accompanied by blood and Charcot-Leyden crystals:

a. Fasciola hepatica
b. Paragonimus westermani
c. Schistosoma mansoni
d. Dipylidium caninum

A

Paragonimus westermani

33
Q

Eggs of this fluke are small and shaped like an old-fashioned electric light bulb:

a. Clonorchis sinensis
b. Fasciola lanceolata
c. Fasciolopsis buski
d. Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Clonorchis sinensis

34
Q

A soil and water amoeba isolated from cases of meningoencephalitis:

a. Naegleria
b. Dientamoeba fragilis
c. Isospora belli
d. AOTA

A

Naegleria

35
Q

This is diagnostic of Entamoeba histolytica if present in the amoebic trophozoite:

a. Pus cells
b. Nuclei
c. Red cells
d. Macrophage

A

Red cells

36
Q

The string test (Entero-Test) for obtaining a small specimen of duodenal contents for parasitic infection would be most appropriate for:

a. Giardia lamblia
b. Chilomastix mesnili
c. Endolimax nana
d. Entamoeba histolytica

A

Giardia lamblia

Note:
Caused by swallowing contaminated water. If giardiasis lasts a long time, it can damage the lining of your small intestine. This can cause chronic gastrointestinal symptoms and trigger irritable bowel syndrome.

37
Q

Largest and the most robust Trichomonas sp.:

a. Trichomonas hominis
b. Trichomonas vaginalis
c. Trchomonas tenax
d. NOTA

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

38
Q

Mature and gravid proglottids are typically shaped like melon seeds:

a. Hymenolepis nana
b. Hymenolepis diminuta
c. Taenia saginata
d. Dipylidium caninum

A

Dipylidium caninum

39
Q

Cysticercosis is caused by the disseminated larva of:

a. Hymenolepis nana
b. Necator americanus
c. Echinococcus granulosus
d. Taenia solium

A

Taenia solium

40
Q

Almond-shaped scolex with two lateral grooves:

a. Taenia saginata
b. Taenia solium
c. Hymenolepis diminuta
d. Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

Note:
AKA Broad tapeworm and Fish tapeworm because you can get it by eating raw or undercooked fish.

41
Q

Chagas’ disease is caused by:

a. Leishmania braziliensis
b. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
c. Trypanosoma cruzi
d. Leishmania tropica

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

Note:
Leishmania braziliensis- Transmitted by sandflies. Causes cutaneous leishmaniasis and mucosal leishmaniasis in humans

Leishmania tropica- Transmitted by sandflies. Causes anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans.

Leishmania donovani- Transmitted by sandflies. Causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis aka kala-azar or Dumdum fever (“black fever”, particularly in India). The most severe form of leishmaniasis.

42
Q

Xenodiagnosis is usually performed for the diagnosis of:

a. Trypanosoma cruzi
b. Schistosoma japonicum
c. Leishmania donovani
d. Leishmania gambiense

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

Note:
Xenodiagnosis- Method of diagnosing certain diseases caused by insects, ticks, or other vectors, by allowing uninfected vectors to feed on the patient and later examining them for infections.

43
Q

Asexual development and multiplication of malarial parasites:

a. Sporogony
b. Schizogony
c. Both
d. Neither

A

Both

44
Q

Asexual life cycle of malaria parasite occur in:

a. Man
b. Anopheles mosquito
c. Flies
d. Ticks

A

Man

Note:
Don’t confuse malaria transmission with dengue:

  1. Malaria- Transmitted by female Anopheles mosquito. Caused by infection with the Plasmodium parasite.
  2. Dengue- Transmitted by female Aedes aegypti mosquito. Caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family, Flavivirus genus, which includes viruses such as yellow fever virus, West Nile virus (WNV), and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus.
45
Q

Stage predominantly seen in the smear is the band form of the developing trophozoite:

a. Plasmodium falciparum
b. Plasmodium ovale
c. Plasmodium malariae
d. Plasmodium vivax

A

Plasmodium malariae

Notes:
-Remember that P. falciparum can infect RBCs of any age and can be identified in high-grade parasitemia. They are crescent-shaped or banana-shaped.

-Plasmodium malariae can be identified by senescent RBC infection, band-like trophozoites, and rosette forms

-Plasmodium ovale can be identified via reticulocyte infection, Schuffner’s dots, oval shape, and feathering (Cell edges are feathered). Ring trophozoites in reticulocytes.

-Plasmodium vivax can be identified via reticulocyte infection, Schuffner’s dots, and absence of RBC shape changes. Ring trophozoites in reticulocytes.

Source: https://www.medmastery.com/guides/malaria-clinical-guide/how-identify-type-malaria-blood-smear?srsltid=AfmBOorSKVQH92QsGWsSFJjIg9wVf6QMrnN0E5YOmRoAT6MR8sruo0bY

46
Q

Causes blackwater fever:

a. P. vivax
b. P. malariae
c. P. ovale
d. P. falciparum

A

P. falciparum

47
Q

Plasmodium sp which has an affinity for mature or older red blood cells:

a. P. vivax
b. P. malariae
c. P. ovale
d. P. falciparum

A

P. malariae

48
Q

Microcytic anemia is associated with this parasite:

a. Trichinella spiralis
b. Diphyllobothrium latum
c. Ancylostoma duodenale
d. Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

49
Q

Parasitic organisms that are most often transmitted
sexually include:

a. Entamoeba gingivalis
b. Dientamoeba fragilis
c. Trichomonas vaginalis
d. Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

50
Q

A 12-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department with meningitis and a history of
swimming in a warm-water spring. Motile amoebae that measure 10 μ in size are seen in the CSF and are most likely:

a. Iodamoeba bütschlii trophozoites
b. Endolimax nana trophozoites
c. Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoites
d. Naegleria fowleri trophozoites

A

Naegleria fowleri trophozoites

Review For Board Exam (10 decks)

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