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Parasitology essays Flashcards

1
Q

Tertian malaria latin name of disease

A

tertian malaria

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2
Q

Tertian malaria name of parasite

A

plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale

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3
Q

Tertian malaria clinical manifestations

A

fever pattern is every 3 days

  • periodic chills with high fever and drenching sweat
  • anemic jaundice
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4
Q

Tertian malaria dx

A

parasite in blood

- cbc shows anemia, thrombocytopenia, increased bilirubin

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5
Q

Tertian malaria tx

A

chloroquinine

- supportive therapy with paracetamol and fluids

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6
Q

quartan malaria latin name of disease

A

quartan malaria

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7
Q

quartan malaria infectious agent

A

plasmodium malaria

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8
Q

quartan malaria clninical manifestation

A
  • sickle cell and thalassemia resistant
  • fever pattern is every 4th day
  • periodic chills with hgih fever and drenching sweats
  • anemic jaundice
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9
Q

quartan malaria dx

A

parasite in blood

- cbc shows anemia, thrombocytopenia, increased bilirubin

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10
Q

quartan malaria tx

A

quinine

- supportive therapy : paracetamol and fluids

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11
Q

Visceral leishmaniosis latin name of disease

A

leishmaniosis

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12
Q

Visceral leishmaniosis causitive agent

A

Leishmania donovani

Leishmania chagasi

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13
Q

Visceral leishmaniosis clinical manifestation (3)

A
  • increased cellulary and vasculature in spleen, liver, lymph nodes and bone marrow
  • CBC shows leukpenia with increased monocytes, anemia, thrombocytopenia
  • dark erythema skin whichc is susecpitable to secondary infection
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14
Q

Visceral leishmaniosis dx

A

parasite in blood culture
- CBC
- tissue smear
leishmania skin test

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15
Q

Visceral leishmaniosis tx

A

Amphoteracin B

glucatamine

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16
Q

Naegleriosis latin name of disease

A

Naegleriosis

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17
Q

Naegleriosis causitve agent

A

naegleria Fowleri

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18
Q

Naegleriosis clinical manifestion

A 
amoebic meningoencephalitis 
loss of smell and taste 
- photophobia 
- stiff neck 
- loss of balance 
- seizures and hallucinations
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19
Q

Naegleriosis dx

A

CSF (lumbar puncture) demonstrates amebic trophozoites

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20
Q

Naegleriosis tx

A

amphotericin B

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21
Q

Acanthamoebiosis latin name of disease

A

Acanthamoebiosis

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22
Q

Acanthamoebiosis caustive agent

A

Acanthamoeba

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23
Q

Acanthamoebiosis clinical manifestation

A

Erythematous nodules and papules

  • seizures
  • paralysis
  • altered mental state
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24
Q

Acanthamoebiosis dx

A

Head CT and contrast MRI

  • CSF analysis
  • biopsy of skin lesion
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25
Q

Acanthamoebiosis tx

A

metronidazole

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26
Q

trichamonas vaginalis latin name of disease

A

trichomonosis

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27
Q

trichamonas vaginalis caustive agent

A

trichamonas vaginalis

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28
Q

trichamonas vaginalis clinical manifestion

A
  • irritarting pruritic discharge
  • dysuria
  • cervical hemorrhages
  • urethritis in men
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29
Q

trichamonas vaginalis dx

A
  • vaginal secretion or urine dispstick
  • culture of urine or urethral swabs from men
  • visualise motile, pear-shaped flagellate
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30
Q

trichamonas vaginalis tx

A

metronidazole

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31
Q

giardosis name of disease

A

giardosis

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32
Q

giardosis caustive agent

A

Giardia lambia

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33
Q

giardosis clinical manifestation (5)

A
  • duraion 3-20 days then 2-3 weeks recovery
  • malabsorption cuasing watery diarrhea or steatorrhea
  • abdominal cramping
  • nausea
  • excess gas and burps
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34
Q

giardosis tx

A

Metronidazole

- rehydration and symptomatic treatment

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35
Q

giardosis dx

A

light microscopy of fecal sample for cysts and trophozoites

= ELISA for fecal giardia antigen

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36
Q

cryptosporidiosis name of disease

A

cryptosporidiosis

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37
Q

cryptosporidiosis caustive agent

A

cryptosporidiosis parvum

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38
Q

cryptosporidiosis clincal manifestations-6

A
  1. non specific diarrhal illness lasting for more than 5 months
  2. watery diarrhea
  3. abdominal cramps
  4. nausea
  5. anorexia
  6. fever and malaise
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39
Q

cryptosporidiosis dx

A

fecal oocytes

red spheres on ziehl nelson stain

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40
Q

cryptosporidiosis tx

A

w\aids - anti retroviral treatment

w\o aids - metrionidazole

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41
Q

toxoplasmosis name of disease

A

toxoplasmosis

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42
Q

toxoplasmosis caustive agent

A

toxoplasma gondii

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43
Q

toxoplasmosis clinical manifestations

A
  1. congenital (strabismus, blindness and epilepys, cerebral calcification, mental retardation
  2. aquired (asymptomatic or w\ lymphadenopathy
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44
Q

toxoplasmosis dx

A

serological testing with ELISA for IgM and IgE antibodies

- tissue secretion shows cysts

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45
Q

toxoplasmosis tx

A

pyrimethamine

- clindamycin

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46
Q

pneumocystosis name of disease

A

pneumocystosis

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47
Q

pneumocystosis causitive agent

A

pneumocystosis jiroveci in AIDS or pneumocystosis carinii

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48
Q

pneumocystosis clinical manifestation -6

A
  1. incidious and easily missed
  2. tachydyspnea
  3. cyanosis
  4. non productive couhg
  5. mild pleuritic chest pain
  6. xrays show bilateral interstitial alveolar infiltrates and cavities
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49
Q

pneumocystosis dx

A

giemsa stained larvae from bronchoscopy

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50
Q

pneumocystosis tx

A

co-trimoxazole

prednisolone

51
Q

balantidiosis disease name

A

balantidiosis

52
Q

balantidiosis causitive agent

A

balantidum coli

53
Q

balantidiosis clincal manifestations 4

A
  1. asymptomatic
  2. acute dysentar - trophozoites invade intestial muscosa causing: nause& vomitnng
  3. abdominal pain
  4. weight loss
54
Q

balantidiosis dx

A

trophozoite in feces

55
Q

balantidiosis tx

A

tetracycline
- ampicillin
0 metronidazole

56
Q

Enterobiosis disease name

A

Enterobiosis

57
Q

Enterobiosis causitive agent

A

enterobius vermicularis

58
Q

Enterobiosis clinical manifestation 3

A
  • asympto
  • intense perianal itching
  • loss of appetite
59
Q

Enterobiosis dx

A

detection of eggs in feces - sticky tape method

- adult worm found around anus at night laying eggs

60
Q

Enterobiosis tx

A

mebendazole

- albendazole

61
Q

strongyloidosis name of disease

A

strongyloidosis

62
Q

strongyloidosis causitive agent

A

strongyloides stercoralis

63
Q

strongyloidosis clninical manifesation (like 900 of them but 6 catagories)

A
  1. asympto
  2. auto infectoin throug the perianal skin is symptomatic
  3. cutaneous symptoms: petechial hemorrages and pruritis, larva currens and urticarial rash
  4. resp symptoms: bronchopneumonia iwth consolidation and eosinophillia
  5. GI symptoms: watery diarrrhea with musus, constipation and malapbsorptoins
  6. complicatoins: ileus, hepatomegaly, pyogenic meningitis and encephalopathy
64
Q

strongyloidosis dx 4

A

adults or rhabditiform larve in stool

  • medified baermann techinque
  • ELISA
  • serology
65
Q

strongyloidosis tx

A

albendazole

  • thiabendazole
  • control would be to always wear shoes
66
Q

Wuchereriasis disease name

A

Wuchereriasis

67
Q

Wuchereriasis causitive agent

A

wuchereria bancrofti

68
Q

Wuchereriasis clinical manifestation 3

A
  1. acute - fever, chills, lyphadenitis and lymphagitis
  2. chronic - lymphatic filaria, lymphedema, elphantitis
  3. stages of lymphedema
    I - swelling recedes at night, smooth skin
    II - swelling doesnt go away at night
    III - shallow skin fols
    IV - irregular skin with knobs and nodules
    V - deep skin folds
    VI - wart like lesions on foot or top of toes
    VII - needs help with daily avtivies
69
Q

Wuchereriasis dx

A

stained films of blood showing microfilariae

70
Q

Wuchereriasis tx

A 
DEC 
chemo
ivermectin, albendazole 
surgery for hydrocele, lymphedema 
symptomatic treatmetn for elephantitis
70
Q

Wuchereriasis tx

A 
DEC 
chemo
ivermectin, albendazole 
surgery for hydrocele, lymphedema 
symptomatic treatmetn for elephantitis
71
Q

Brugiasis disease name

A

Brugiasis

72
Q

Brugiasis infective agent

A

brugia malayia

brugia timori

73
Q

Brugiasis clinical manifestation

A
  1. acute - fever, chills, lyphadenitis and lymphagitis
  2. chronic - lymphatic filaria, lymphedema, elphantitis
  3. stages of lymphedema
    I - swelling recedes at night, smooth skin
    II - swelling doesnt go away at night
    III - shallow skin fols
    IV - irregular skin with knobs and nodules
    V - deep skin folds
    VI - wart like lesions on foot or top of toes
    VII - needs help with daily avtivies
74
Q

Staging of lymphedema

A

I - swelling recedes at night, smooth skin
II - swelling doesnt go away at night
III - shallow skin fols
IV - irregular skin with knobs and nodules
V - deep skin folds
VI - wart like lesions on foot or top of toes
VII - needs help with daily avtivies

75
Q

Brugiasis dx

A

stained films of blood showing microfilariae

76
Q

brugiasis tx

A 
DCC 
chemotherapy 
ivermectin, aldbendazole, coumarin 
srugery for hydrocele and lymphedema 
symptomatic - elephantiis
77
Q

Loiasis disease name

A

Loiasis

78
Q

Loiasis infective agent

A

loa loa nematode

79
Q

Loiasis clinical manifestatoin 5

A

painful itchy swelling

  • prickly sensation in subcutaneous layers
  • pain, paraesthesia in deep fascial layers
  • transient calbar swellings (red skin, painful and hot, mainly upper limb but can also be on lower)
  • worms migrate to teh eye causing reddnes, photophobia, local and periorbital swelling
80
Q

Loiasis dx

A

blood smear showing micofilariae

81
Q

Loiasis tx

A

diethylcarbamzine (DEC)

rapid surgery under local anesthesia to prevent worms crossing the conjunctiva

82
Q

onchocerciasis disease name

A

onchocerciasis (river blindness)

83
Q

onchocerciasis caustive agent

A

onchocera volvulus

84
Q

onchocerciasis clinical manifestation 6

A
  1. acute papular onchodermatitis (small itchoy papules and skin edema on trunk and upper limbs)
  2. chonic papular onchodermatitis (large itchy, hyperpigmentted flat top papulse)
  3. lichenified ochodermatities
  4. atrophy (seen with enlarged lymph nodes nad excessive wrinkes )
  5. depigmentation (leopard skin(
  6. ocular lesions (transient punctate keratitis, sclerosing keratitsi, iridocyclitis, optic atrophy)
85
Q

onchocerciasis dx

A

presence of microfilarieae in skin snips or eye

  • slit lamp
  • mazotti test
  • DEC 50mg per os
86
Q

onchocerciasis tx

A

ivermectin

surgical excision of nodules

87
Q

Liver flukes — opisthorchiasis disease name

A

opisthorchiasis

88
Q

opisthorchiasis infectious agent

A

opistorchis felineus (cat liver fluke)

89
Q

opisthorchiasis clinical manifestation 3

A
  1. acute - itchy rash
    - diarrhea
    - fatigue
    - eosinophillia, leucocystosis
  2. chronic - hepatosplenomegaly
    - jaundice
    - ascites
  3. complications
    - cholelithiasis, cholangitis, cholecystiits
    - bile duct carcinoma
90
Q

opisthorchiasis dx

A

eggs in feces and duodenal secreation

  • ultrasound, ct, mri
  • endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
  • choleangiography
91
Q

opisthorchiasis tx

A

prazuquantel

92
Q

liver flukes - clonorchiasis disease name

A

clonorchiasis

93
Q

clonorchiasis infectious agent

A

clonorchis sinensis (flatworm fluke)

94
Q

clonorchiasis clinical manifestaion

A

similar to opisthorchiasis

- inaddtion there are marked biliary hepatic system infiltrations

95
Q

clonorchiasis dx

A

eggs in feces and duodenal secreation

  • US,, CT ,MRI
  • endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
  • choleangiography
96
Q

clonorchiasis tx

A

prazuquantel

97
Q

intestinal flukes – fasciolopsiasis

A

fasciolopsiasis

98
Q

fasciolopsiasis infectious agent

A

fasciolopsiasis buski

99
Q

fasciolopsiasis clinical manifestation

A
  • allergic disease
  • ascites and edema
  • anemia
  • malabsorption
100
Q

fasciolopsiasis dx

A

fecal exam for eggs

101
Q

fasciolopsiasis tx

A
  1. praziquantel
  2. mebendazole
  3. albendazole
102
Q

intestinal flukes - metagonimiasis disease name

A

metagonimiasis

103
Q

metagonimiasis infectious agent

A

metagonimus yokagawai

104
Q

metagonimiasis clinical manifestation

A

usually aymptomatic
- if symptomatic it is usually milk and non specific GI symptoms like diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain, vomiting, fever etc

105
Q

metagonimiasis dx

A

fecal exam for eggs

106
Q

metagonimiasis tx

A
  1. Praziquantel
  2. Mebendazole
  3. Albendazole
107
Q

intestinal flukes heterophyiais disease name

A

heterophiasis

108
Q

heterophiasis infectious agent

A

heterophyes heterophyes

109
Q

heterophiasis clinical manifestation

A
  1. lymphatic infiltratoin after mucosal penetration
  2. dissemination of heart, CNS, lungs, liver and spleen
  3. granulommatous reactions
110
Q

heterophiasis dx

A

fecal exam for eggs

111
Q

heterophiasis tx

A
  1. Praziquantel
  2. Mebendazole
  3. Albendazole
112
Q

Lung flukes disease name

A

paragonimiasis

113
Q

Lung flukes infectious agent

A

paragonimus trematodes

114
Q

Lung flukes clinical manifestation 4

A
  1. signs of anaphlyaxis
  2. chronic pulmonary diease features such as persistant cough, thick rust like sputum, diverse lesions
  3. migratoin of flukes causing epilepsy, raised ICP, meningeal irritatoin
  4. spinal space occupying abdominal viscera- necrosis of abdominal viscera, transitory subcutaneous swelling
115
Q

Lung flukes dx

A

presence of ova or adult flukes in sputum, feces or effusion
- serological tests

116
Q

Lung flukes tx

A

praziquantel

- dexamethasone in cases with cerebral infectio n

117
Q

urogenital schistosomiasis - disease name

A

urogenital schistosomiasis

118
Q

urogenital schistosomiasis infective agent

A

schistosoma hematobium

119
Q

urogenital schistosomiasis clinical manifestations 4

A

painless hematuria, dysuria

  1. urinary reetntion\stone formation
  2. male - obstructive uropathy
  3. female - ulcerating nodular lesions in vulva
120
Q

urogenital schistosomiasis dx

A

parastitic eggs in urine

  • schistosomee AGs
  • AXR - bladder calcification
121
Q

urogenital schistosomiasis tx

A

praziquantel

122
Q

intestinal schistosomiasis disease name

A

intestinal schistosomiasis (bloodflukes\ bilharzia)

123
Q

intestinal schistosomiasis infectious agent

A

schistosoma mansoni

Parasitology (3 decks)

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