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Required practicals 1- 12, Papers 1 & 2 > Paper 1&2 RPs > Flashcards

Paper 1&2 RPs Flashcards

1
Q

When an object is placed into a displacement can water pours out. What is the volume of water equal to?

A

The volume of the object

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2
Q

Why should an object be fully submerged before you measure the water displaced?

A

So that the measurement is accurate

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3
Q

What equation links density, mass and volume?

A

Density = mass / volume

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4
Q

A block of clay has a volume of 50cm3 and a mass of 65g. Calculate the density in kg/m3.

A

Density = 0.065 / 0.00005 = 1300 kg/m3

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5
Q

Calculate the volume of a 0.5m3 cube in cm3.

A

500 000 cm3

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6
Q

A block has a density of 4.2g/cm3. The volume is 500000cm3, what is the mass of the block in kg?

A

Mass = 4.2 x 500 000 = 2 100 000 g = 2100 kg

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7
Q

Define specific heat capacity.

A

The amount of energy it takes to increase 1kg by 1°C

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8
Q

What are the units for specific heat capacity?

A

J/kg °C

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9
Q

State the equation that links current, potential difference and power.

A

P= I x V

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10
Q

How do you calculate the gradient of a line?

A

Change in y / change in x

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11
Q

Rearrange to make mass the subject:

A

m = ΔE / c x Δθ

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12
Q

What is the following circuit symbol?

A

Voltmeter

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13
Q

What piece of equipment is used to measure temperature?

A

Thermometer

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14
Q

Why is the metal block wrapped in insulation?

A

To prevent thermal energy dissipating to the surroundings

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15
Q

Name a substance that can be used to stain cells before viewing with a microscope?

A

Iodine or methylene blue

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16
Q

How do we find the overall magnification of a microscope?

A

Eyepiece x Objective lens

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17
Q

What does a plant vacuole contain?

A

Cell sap

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18
Q

How have electron microscopes improved our understanding of sub-cellular structures?

A

Allowed us to see smaller objects, e.g. ribosomes

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19
Q

Give a similarity between a bacterial cell and a plant cell.

A

Cell wall, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes

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20
Q

Give a difference between a bacterial cell and a plant cell.

A

Chloroplast, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria

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21
Q

How much space should a scientific drawing take up?

A

At least half the space

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22
Q

True or false? Scientific drawings should be coloured or shaded.

A

False

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23
Q

Define osmosis.

A

The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution across a partially permeable membrane

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24
Q

What part of a cell is involved in osmosis?

A

Membrane

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25
Q

What does hypotonic mean?

A

Solution with a low solute concentration

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26
Q

What does isotonic mean?

A

Solution with the same solute concentration

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27
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

Variable that is changed in an experiment

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28
Q

What is a control variable?

A

Variable that is kept the same

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29
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

Variable that is measured and recorded

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30
Q

What is a ripple tank?

A

A piece of equipment used to observe water waves

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31
Q

What piece of apparatus can be used with a ripple tank to make it easier to make measurements?

A

Strobe light (freezes the waves, making them easier to count)

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32
Q

How is wave speed calculated?

A

Frequency x Wavelength

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33
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

A wave with oscillations parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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34
Q

What is defined as ‘the highest point on a wave’?

A

Crest

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35
Q

State the speed of UV light through a vacuum.

A

3 x 10^8 m/s or 300,000,000 m/s

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36
Q

What do waves transfer?

A

Energy

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37
Q

What are the SI units for wavelength?

A

Metres, m

38
Q

Name 2 pieces of apparatus used to detect the amount of infrared radiation given out by different surfaces.

A

Glass thermometer, infrared thermometer

39
Q

Why are IR thermometers better than glass thermometers?

A

They are not affected by the surface temperature

40
Q

What happens to frequency of the EM spectrum, from radio waves to gamma rays?

A

Increases

41
Q

What is the trough of a wave?

A

The lowest point

42
Q

If a twig is dropped into a calm body of water why doesn’t it move?

A

Waves transfer energy, not matter

43
Q

True or false – all bodies absorb and emit infrared radiation.

A

True

44
Q

What is the relationship between object temperature and how much IR it emits?

A

Higher temperature = more IR

45
Q

What is the wavelength of a 20Hz wave travelling at 4 m/s?

A

0.2 m

46
Q

What enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates?

A

Amylase

47
Q

What enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins?

A

Protease

48
Q

What enzyme is responsible for breaking down lipids?

A

Lipase

49
Q

What does starch break down into?

A

Glucose

50
Q

What do lipids break down into?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

51
Q

What do proteins break down into?

A

Amino acids

52
Q

Which 2 reagents can be used to test for lipids?

A

Ethanol, Sudan III

53
Q

Which food test is semi-quantitative and why?

A

Benedict’s – the end colour depends on the sugar concentration

54
Q

State two factors which affect reaction times.

A

Caffeine, distractions, age, alcohol, tiredness

55
Q

Apart from the ruler drop test, how else can reaction times be tested?

A

Using a computer programme which tests reaction time

56
Q

Describe one control variable for the ruler drop test.

A

Dominant or non-dominant hand, hours of sleep, number of caffeinated drinks, etc

57
Q

Which type of neurone carries impulses through the CNS?

A

Relay

58
Q

Define effector.

A

Muscle or gland which produces the response

59
Q

Give an example of an effector.

A

Any muscle or gland

60
Q

Define stimulus.

A

Change in environment

61
Q

Give an example of a stimulus for the skin.

A

Heat, e.g. candle, touch, e.g. feather

62
Q

What is a mixture?

A

More than one substance mixed, but not chemically joined

63
Q

What does pure mean?

A

A single element or compound

64
Q

Give another method that can be used to determine the purity of a substance.

A

By finding its melting or boiling point

65
Q

How do impurities affect the boiling point of a substance?

A

Increase it

66
Q

Which parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are absorbed by the chlorophyll molecule?

A

Blue and red visible light

67
Q

What is the calculation for Rf value?

A

Distance moved by solute / Distance moved by solvent

68
Q

In chromatography the stationary phase is ____________.

A

Solid

69
Q

In chromatography the mobile phase is ___________.

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

70
Q

Name 2 ways of measuring the oxygen given off by a plant during photosynthesis.

A

Counting bubbles, collecting in upturned measuring cylinder

71
Q

Describe the relationship between distance and number of bubbles given off during photosynthesis.

A

As distance increases, fewer bubbles of oxygen are produced

72
Q

What do we call factors that reduce that rate of photosynthesis?

A

Limiting factor

73
Q

Apart from light intensity name 2 factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.

A

Carbon dioxide concentration, temperature

74
Q

What reactant for photosynthesis enters the plant through the roots?

A

Water

75
Q

Through which process does the substance you named in Q5 enter the roots?

A

Osmosis

76
Q

True or false? Rf values are always greater than one.

A

False – always less than 1

77
Q

Why can the substances in a mixture be separated?

A

They are not chemically joined

78
Q

Name a gas that causes acid rain.

A

Nitrous oxides, sulphur dioxide

79
Q

Name a greenhouse gas.

A

Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour

80
Q

Suggest two factors that caused carbon dioxide levels to decrease in the Earth’s early atmosphere.

A

Evolution of green plants (and therefore photosynthesis), dissolved in water, locked up in sediments and rocks

81
Q

Which stage is used to destroy microbes when treating water?

A

Sterilisation

82
Q

Briefly describe how potable water is made from seawater.

A

Water is heated until it boils. The salt remains in the liquid, and the steam is pure water. The steam is cooled and condensed to make potable water./Reverse osmosis

83
Q

Explain the role of anaerobic bacteria in the treatment of sewage.

A

Sewage sludge is digested anaerobically by specific bacteria

84
Q

Which two planets currently have an atmosphere similar to the early atmosphere of the Earth?

A

Venus and Mars

85
Q

Name 3 different stores of carbon in the carbon cycle.

A

Fossil fuels, rocks, compounds in plants and animals

86
Q

What is a transect?

A

A transect is a line across a habitat or part of a habitat

87
Q

What is a quadrat?

A

A square frame with a known area that can be used to sample a habitat

88
Q

What does population mean?

A

The number of individuals of a species in an area

89
Q

What is defined as ‘the area where an organism lives’?

A

Habitat

90
Q

Give an advantage of estimating population size instead of measuring true population size.

A

Impossible to count all of the organisms in a population

91
Q

Why will light intensity affect the distribution of plants?

A

Light is required for photosynthesis so higher light intensity would lead to a higher plant population

92
Q

What is the difference between abundance and distribution?

A

Abundance is how many; distribution is where they are found

Required practicals 1- 12, Papers 1 & 2 (1 decks)

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