PAD Flashcards
1
Q
Major risk factors for PAD
A
- smoking
- diabetes
- age >55 (men) or >65 (women)
- hypercholesterolaemia
- hypertension
- history of cardiovascular disease
- gout
- hyperhomocystinaemia
- hyperfibrinogenaemia
- truncal obesity
- sedentary lifestyle
2
Q
Other pathologies responsible for PAD in younger patients (other than atherosclerosis)
A
- Buerger’s disease
- collagen vascular disease
- HIV vasculopathy
- thrombophilia
- thrombo-embolic
- entrapment syndromes
- compartment syndromes
- Takayasu’s disease
- Fibro-muscular dysplasia
- trauma`
3
Q
Major aminfestations of atherosclerosis
A
- stroke
- MI
- hypertension
- mesenteric ischaemia
- PAD
4
Q
Fontaine classification of PAD
A
Stage 1: asymptomatic Stage 2: intermittent claudication A - IC >50m B - IC <50m Stage 3: rest pain, minor tissue necrosis Stage 4: major tissue necrosis
5
Q
Differential diagnosis for leg pain
A
- peripheral neuropathy
- spinal stenosis
- sciatica, chronic regional pain syndromes
- arthritis
- venous disorders
- metabolic
- restless leg syndrome
- tinea pedis
6
Q
Segmental classification of PAD
A
- aorto-iliac
- femero-popliteal
- tibio-peroneal
7
Q
Buerger’s test
A
- elevation pallor
- dependent rubor
8
Q
ABI
A
ankle systolic pressure/ brachial systolic pressure (highest)
9
Q
ABI interpretation
A
>0.95 = normal 0.4-0.95 = mild/mod PAD (claudication) 0-0.4 = severe PAD (CLI) <0.2 = tissue necrosis
10
Q
Cholesterol goals
A
- tot chol <4.5
- LDL <2.6
- HDL >1
11
Q
Drugs for claudication
A
- pentoxifylline
- cilostazol
- Naftidrofuryl
- Levocarnitine
- Prostaglandins
12
Q
Factors to consider for revascularization vs ablation of PAD
A
- extent to the patient’s co-morbidities
- patient’s performance score
- predictability of wound healing
- reconstructible vascular disease
- rehabilitative potential
13
Q
Indications for revascularization
A
- lifestyle limiting claudication
- critical ischaemia
14
Q
Types of vascular grafts
A
- prosthetic
- autologous
- allograft
- biosynthetic
- xenograft
15
Q
Endovascular treatment options
A
- percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
- percutaneous subintimal angioplasty
- remote endarterectomy
- endovascular stents
- percutaneous transluminal cryoplasty
