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Psychology > Outcome One > Flashcards

Outcome One Flashcards

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1
Q

Operational variable

A

A variable that defines or describes in terms of the procedures used to observe and measure it

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2
Q

Iv

A

The variable that the experimenter manipulates to gauge its affect in the the dv

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3
Q

Dv

A

The variable that the experimenter measures

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4
Q

Population

A

The larger group of research interest from which a sample in a research study has been drawn

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5
Q

Sample

A

The group of participants in a research study selected from and representatives of a population of research interest

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6
Q

Extraneous variable

A

A variable other than the iv that may cause changes in the dv

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7
Q

Controlled variable

A

An extraneous variable whose influence has been eliminated from an experiment so that it can not affect the results

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8
Q

Uncontrolled variable

A

An extraneous variable whose influence has not been eliminated from an experiment because the experimenter was not aware of it

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9
Q

Confounding variable

A

An uncontrolled variable that has an unwanted affect on the dv and may be confused with the iv

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10
Q

Standardisation

A

Establishing standards for administrating a test and interpreting the results

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11
Q

Participant variables

A

Individual differences in the personal characteristics of research participants that I’d not controlled can confound the results on the experiment

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12
Q

Order effect

A

Where prior knowledge of a task or situation influences a participants response which in turn influences the results

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13
Q

Counterbalancing

A

A method used to control the order effect, where half the participants in an experiment are exposed to the control condition first, this is then reversed in the second instance

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14
Q

Experimenter effect

A

Changes in the participants behaviour that are caused by the unintended influence of the experimenter rather than the iv

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15
Q

Self fulfilling prophecy

A

A prediction that prompts people to behave in a way that makes the prediction come true

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16
Q

Placebo effect

A

Changes in the behaviour caused by the participants belief that they have been exposed to a treatment that will affect them in some way

17
Q

Single blind procedure / double blind procedure

A

Single- where the participants do not know if they are being exposed to the experimental condiments but the experimenter does
Double - both the participants and the experimenter are not aware if they are being exposed to the experimental or control conditions

18
Q

Independent groups design

A

An experimental design where participants are randomly allocated to either the experimental group or the control group

Limitation - 
Difficult to achieve groups of equal size 
Advantage - 
No order affects 
Quick easy, cost effective
19
Q

Matched participants design

A

An experimental design where participants are paired on the basis is of similar characteristics that can influence the DV
With one of the pair being allocated to the experimental group and the other the control
Limitations -
Time consuming expensive. Unconsidered personality aspect my influence results
Advantages- no order affects

20
Q

Repeated measures design

A

An experimental method where the same group of participants makes up both the experimental and control group
Limitations -
Order affect, boredom sample must be representative
Advantages -
No personality differences to control

21
Q

Random sampling

A

Every member of a population of interest has an equal chance of being selected for the sample being used in a study

22
Q

Stratified sampling

A

Ensures the sample contains the same proportions of participants that are found in a population

23
Q

Convenience sampling

A

Read lily available to researcher

24
Q

Experimental group

A

Group of participants that are exposed to the iv

25
Q

Control group

A

Group of participants that are not exposed to the iv and are used as a standard to measure against

26
Q

Qualitative data

A

Data that describes the changes in the quality of a behaviour
Personal attitudes feelings

27
Q

Quantitative data

A

Data collected through a systematic and controlled procedures and presented in numerical form

28
Q

Case study

A

An in depth, detailed study of all aspects of a single participant, group or event. Usually to gain insight into a particular psychological phenomenon.
Qualitative data
Limitations -
Impractical, unethical or impossible to perform
Uncontrolled studies - limits conclusions drawn from them
Results can not be generalised
Time consuming subjective process

29
Q

Ethics

A 
moral principles and codes 
Participants rights 
Confidentiality 
Withdrawal rights 
Voluntary participation
Informed consent 
Access to results  
Deception 
Debriefing
30
Q

Debriefing

A

Informing the participants of the true purpose of an experiment once it has been ended. Correcting any mistaken beliefs
Providing opportunity to gain information about the study
Providing information services to help with distress

31
Q

Deception

A

When information about the true purpose of a study is not given to participants before a study begins

32
Q

Informed consent

A

Where a participant gives their written consent to participate in a study after being fully informed f the true nature and purpose of the experiment.
And any foreseeable risks

33
Q

Voluntary participation

A

Where participants agree to take part of an experiment free from pressure or fear of negative consequences

34
Q

Withdrawal rights

A

At any time without fearing consequences

35
Q

Confidentiality

A

A participants right to privacy, in terms of access disposal and storage of information related to a research study to which they participated

Psychology (3 decks)

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