Other Knowledge

Question 1

What are movements of the scapula?

Answer 1

• upward/downward rotation: upper/lower traps, Serratus anterior
• protraction/retraction: levator scapulae, rhomboid major/minor, Pectoralis minor
• elevation/depression

Question 2

What is scapulohumeral rhythm?

Answer 2

• movement of the scapula relative to the movement of the humerus
• the scapula can move on the thorax so it can get to the final ranges of motion; scapula compensates the humerus
• normal ROM for shoulder abduction & flexion is 120 degrees
• OVERALL — approximately 2 degrees of shoulder movement for every 1 degree of scapular movement

Question 3

What is the screw home mechanism?

Answer 3

• weight barring to save energy; assisted by the popliteus muscle
• the medial femoral condyle is ~ 1cm longer than the lateral femoral condyle
• during knee extension the femoral condyles roll on the tibia & the lateral articular surface is the 1st to be used up, the femur then medially rotates on the lateral femoral condyle as the rolling action of the femur continues on the medial condyle
• the joint is then securely locked into extension

Question 4

What is Q-Angle?

Answer 4

• in a standing position, the femur is obliquely angulated towards the midline of the body
• one line drawn extending from the ASIS through the midline of the patella
• second line drawn vertically through the middle of the patellar tendon