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Review For Board Exam > Other Bodily Fluids Pre-Test > Flashcards

Other Bodily Fluids Pre-Test Flashcards

1
Q

The functions of the CSF include all except:

a. Removing metabolic wastes

b. Supplying nutrients to the CNS

c. Protecting the brain and spinal cord

d. Producing an ultrafiltrate of plasma

A

Producing an ultrafiltrate of plasma

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2
Q

The finding of oligoclonal bands in the CSF and not in
the serum is seen with:

a. Multiple myeloma
b. CNS malignancy
c. Multiple sclerosis
d. Viral infections

A

Multiple sclerosis

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3
Q

The main function of body fluids is

a. cushioning interfaces between body cavities and organs

b. creating a barrier between organ systems

c. providing hydration for organs

d.all of these

A

cushioning interfaces between body cavities and organs

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT a membrane surrounding the brain?

a. arachoidea
b. dura mater
c. pia mater
d. subarachnoid

A

subarachnoid

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5
Q

Typically, the protocol for the performance of CSF analysis when three tubes are collected is which order for cell counts, chemistries, microbiology?

a. 1, 2, 3
b. 2, 1, 3
c. 3, 1, 2
d. 3, 2, 1

A

3, 1, 2

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6
Q

What type of effusion is a purulent fluid?

a. Transudate
b. Exudate
c. Both Transudate and Exudate
d. None of the above

A

Exudate

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7
Q

The procedure for collecting synovial fluid is called:

a. Synovialcentesis
b. Joint puncture
c. Arteriocentesis
d. Arthrocentesis

A

Arthrocentesis

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8
Q

Before testing, very viscous synovial fluid should be treated with:

a. Normal saline
b. Hyaluronidase
c. Distilled water
d. Hypotonic saline

A

Hyaluronidase

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9
Q

Addition of a cloudy, yellow synovial fluid to acetic acid produces a/an:

a. Yellow-white precipitate
b. Easily dispersed clot
c. Solid clot
d. Opalescent appearance

A

Easily dispersed clot

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10
Q

Which of the following could be the most significantly affected if a synovial fluid is refrigerated before testing?

a. Glucose
b. Crystal examination
c. Mucin clot test
d. Differential

A

Crystal examination

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11
Q

The highest WBC count can be expected to be seen with:

a. Noninflammatory arthritis
b. Inflammatory arthritis
c. Septic arthritis
d. Hemorrhagic arthritis

A

Septic arthritis

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12
Q

Synovial fluid crystals that occur as a result of purine metabolism or chemotherapy for leukemia are:

a. Monosodium urate
b. Cholesterol
c. Calcium pyrophosphate
d. Apatite

A

Monosodium urate

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13
Q

Crystals associated with pseudogout are:

a. Monosodium urate

b. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

c. Apatite

d. Calcium oxalate

A

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

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14
Q

In an examination of synovial fluid under compensated polarized light, rhomboid-shaped crystals are observed. What color would these crystals be when aligned parallel to the slow vibration?

a. White
b. Yellow
c. Blue
d. Red

A

Yellow

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15
Q

If crystals shaped like needles are aligned perpendicular to the slow vibration of compensated polarized light, what color are they?

a. White
b. Blue
c. Yellow
d. Red

A

Blue

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16
Q

Negative birefringence occurs under red-compensated polarized light when:

a. Slow light is impeded more than fast light

b. Slow light is less impeded than fast light

c. Fast light runs against the molecular grain of the crystal

d. Both B and C

A

Fast light runs against the molecular grain of the crystal

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17
Q

Synovial fluid cultures are often plated on chocolate agar to detect the presence of:

a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
b. Staphylococcus agalactiae
c. Streptococcus viridans
d. Enterococcus faecalis

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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18
Q

Production of serous fluid is controlled by:

a. Capillary oncotic pressure
b. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
c. Capillary permeability
d. All of the above

A

All of the above

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19
Q

An increase in the amount of serous fluid is called a/an:

a. Exudate
b. Transudate
c. Effusion
d. Malignancy

A

Effusion

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20
Q

Pleural fluid is collected by:

a. Pleurocentesis
b. Paracentesis
c. Pericentesis
d. Thoracentesis

A

Thoracentesis

Note:
-For pericardial fluid, method of collection is needle aspiration (pericardiocentesis)

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21
Q

Fluid:Serum protein and lactic dehydrogenase ratios are
performed on serous fluids:

a. When malignancy is suspected

b. To classify transudates and exudates

c. To determine the type of serous fluid

d. When a traumatic tap has occurred

A

To classify transudates and exudates

22
Q

An additional test performed on pleural fluid to classify the fluid as a transudate or exudate is the:

a. WBC count
b. RBC count
c. Fluid:cholesterol ratio
d. Fluid-to-serum protein gradient

A

Fluid:cholesterol ratio

23
Q

All of the following statements about serous fluids are true, EXCEPT:

a. An effusion is an abnormal accumulation of a serous fluid

b. Thoracentesis refers the collection of pericardial fluid

c. Ascites refer specifically to peritoneal fluid

d. The term ‘chest fluid” usually refers to pleural fluid

A

Thoracentesis refers the collection of pericardial fluid

Note:
-Peritoneal fluid- Liquid that is made in the abdominal cavity to lubricate the surface of the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and pelvic cavity and covers most of the organs in the abdomen.

24
Q

A transudative effusion is usually caused by all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. Congestive heart failure
b. Malignancy
c. Nephrotic syndrome
d. Cirrhosis

A

Malignancy

25
Q

An exudative pleural fluid can be caused by:

a. Malignancy
b. Pulmonary infarction or infection
c. SLE or rheumatoid arthritis
d. All of the above

A

All of the above

26
Q

Neutrophils that contain precipitated rheumatoid factor in their cytoplasm are called:

a. LE cells
b. Reiter cells
c. Ragocytes
d. Macrophages

A

Ragocytes

27
Q

What’s a “ragocyte”?

a. Cartilage cell seen in inflammatory arthritis

b. A polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) with inclusions formed by immune complexes

c. A plasma cell seen in RA

d. A macrophage containing large inclusions

A

A polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) with inclusions formed by immune complexes

28
Q

Which is the reference method for determining fetal lung maturity?

a. Human placental lactogen
b. Lecithin/Sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio
c. Amniotic fluid bilirubin
d. Urinary estriol

A

Lecithin/Sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio

29
Q

A pregnant female was seen by her physician who suspected a molar pregnancy. An hCG test was ordered and found to be low. The sample was diluted 10-fold and the assay was repeated. The result was found to be grossly elevated. What best explains this situation?

a. The wrong specimen was diluted

b. A pipeting error was made in the first analysis

c. Antigen excess caused a falsely low result in the undiluted sample

d. An inhibitor of the antigen–antibody reaction was present in the sample

A

Antigen excess caused a falsely low result in the undiluted sample

30
Q

Which of the following stains is used to determine sperm viability?

a. Eosin Y
b. Hematoxylin
c. Papanicolaou
d. Methylene blue

A

Eosin Y

31
Q

In which condition is the highest level of serum gastrin usually seen?

a. Atrophic gastritis
b. Pernicious anemia
c. Z–E syndrome
d. Cancer of the stomach

A

Z–E syndrome

32
Q

In determining free HCl, the gastric fluid is titrated to pH ___.

a. 6.5
b. 4.5
c. 3.5
d. 2.0

A

3.5

33
Q

Which of the following tests would be normal in pancreatic insufficiency?

a. Secretin stimulation
b. D-Xylose absorption
c. Twenty-four-hour fecal fat
d. β Carotene absorption

A

D-Xylose absorption

34
Q

Which of the following is commonly associated with occult blood?

a. Colon cancer
b. Atrophic gastritis
c. Pernicious anemia
d. Pancreatitis

A

Colon cancer

35
Q

A semen specimen delivered to the laboratory in a condom has a normal sperm count and markedly decreased sperm motility. This indicates:

a. Decreased fructose
b. Antispermicide in the condom
c. Increased semen viscosity
d. Increased semen alkalinity

A

Antispermicide in the condom

36
Q

The sperm part containing a mitochondrial sheath is the:

a. Head
b. Neckpiece
c. Midpiece
d. Tail

A

Head
(Idk why but when I searched it up it’s midpiece)

37
Q

Following an abnormal sperm motility test with a normal sperm count, what additional test might be ordered?

a. Fructose level
b. Zinc level
c. MAR test
d. Eosin-nigrosin stain

A

Eosin-nigrosin stain

38
Q

How many leukocytes are normally present in the CSF obtained from an adult?

a. 0 to 5 cells/μL
b. 0 to 10 cells/μL
c. 0 to 20 cells/μL
d. 0 to 30 cells/μL

A

0 to 5 cells/μL

39
Q

Paracentesis and serous fluid testing are performed to

  1. remove serous fluids that may be compressing a vital organ.
  2. determine the pathologic cause of an effusion.
  3. identify an effusion as a transudate or an exudate.
  4. prevent volume depletion caused by the accumulation of fluid in body cavities.

a. 1, 2, and 3 are correct.
b. 1 and 3 are correct.
c. 4 is correct.
d. All are correct.

A

1, 2, and 3 are correct.

40
Q

A synovial fluid specimen is received in the laboratory 2 hours after collection. Which of the following changes to the fluid will most likely have taken place?

a. The specimen will have clotted.

b. The uric acid concentration will have decreased.

c. Crystals may have precipitated or dissolved.

d. The lactate concentration will have decreased because of anaerobic glycolysis.

A

Crystals may have precipitated or dissolved.

41
Q

Assuming that a patient is fasting, which of the following analytes is normally present in the synovial fluid in essentially the same concentration as in the blood plasma?

  1. Glucose
  2. Lactate
  3. Uric acid
  4. Protein

a. 1, 2, and 3 are correct.
b. 1 and 3 are correct.
c. 4 is correct.
d. All are correct.

A

1 and 3 are correct.

42
Q

An analysis of a synovial fluid specimen reveals the following:

  • Yellow fluid of high viscosity
  • Total leukocyte count of 300 cells/μL
  • Plasma–synovial fluid glucose difference of 17 mg/dL

Based on the information provided and Table 11.2, this specimen would most likely be classified as

a. noninflammatory.
b. inflammatory.
c. septic.
d. hemorrhagic.

A

noninflammatory.

43
Q

Which of the following structures contribute(s) secretions to semen?

  1. Epididymis
  2. Prostate gland
  3. Seminal vesicles
  4. Seminiferous tubules

a. 1, 2, and 3 are correct.
b. 1 and 3 are correct.
c. 4 is correct.
d. All are correct.

A

All are correct.

44
Q

Fructose in semen assists in the evaluation of which of the following?

  1. The secretory function of the seminal vesicles
  2. The functional integrity of the epididymis
  3. The functional integrity of the vas deferens
  4. The secretory function of the prostate gland

a. 1, 2, and 3 are correct.
b. 1 and 3 are correct.
c. 4 is correct.
d. All are correct.

A

1 and 3 are correct.

45
Q

Which of the following substances can be used to evaluate the secretory function of the prostate gland?

a. Carnitine
b. Fructose
c. pH
d. Zinc

A

Zinc

46
Q

Which of the following devices should be used to collect a sample of vaginal secretions?

a. Cervical brush on a Teflon shaft

b. Cotton-tipped swab on a wooden shaft

c. Polyester-tipped swab on a plastic shaft

d. Wool-tipped swab on a wooden shaft

A

Polyester-tipped swab on a plastic shaft

47
Q

Which of the following organisms is adversely affected if a vaginal secretion specimen is refrigerated?

a. Chlamydia trachomatis
b. Candida albicans
c. Gardnerella vaginalis
d. Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

48
Q

Amniocentesis is usually performed at 15 to 18 weeks’ gestation to determine which of the following conditions?

a. Fetal distress
b. Fetal maturity
c. Genetic disorders
d. Infections in the amniotic fluid

A

Genetic disorders

49
Q

The daily amount of fat excreted in the feces is normally less than

a. 0.7 g.
b. 7.0 g.
c. 70 g.
d. 700 g.

A

7.0 g.

50
Q

Microscope lenses should be cleaned or polished using

  1. gauze.
  2. facial tissue.
  3. lint-free tissues.
  4. lens paper.

a. 1, 2, and 3 are correct.
b. 1 and 3 are correct.
c. 4 is correct.
d. All are correct.

A

4 is correct.

Review For Board Exam (10 decks)

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