Osmosis anatomy

Question 1

where does pharynx start and end

Answer 1

base of skull to inferior border of cricoid cartilage at C6

Question 2

cell lining of the nasopharynx

Answer 2

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells (respiratory epithelium)

Question 3

describe the sensory innervation of the pharynx

Answer 3

glossopharyngeal nerve mostly
nasopharynx innervated by maxillary nerve

Question 4

describe the arterial supply to the pharynx

Answer 4

via branches of the ECA
- ascending pharyngeal
- branches of facial
- branches of lingual and maxillary

Question 5

describe the venous drainage of the pharynx

Answer 5

pharyngeal venous plexus which drains into the internal jugular

Question 6

vertebral levels of the larynx

Answer 6

C3-6

Question 7

what is Sellick’s maneouver

Answer 7

pressure applied to cricoid cartilage of larynx to occlude oesophagus and prevent regurgitation during emergency intubation

Question 8

lining of interior surface of larynx

Answer 8

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 9

describe the supraglottis

Answer 9

inferior surface of epiglottis to vestibular folds (false cords)

Question 10

describe the glottis

Answer 10

contains VCs and 1cm below them

Question 11

what is the rima glottidis

Answer 11

opening between the VCs, size of which is altered by muscles of phonation

Question 12

describe subglottis

Answer 12

inferior border of glottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage

Question 13

lining of true VCs

Answer 13

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 14

describe the arterial supply to the larynx

Answer 14

superior laryngeal artery (branch of superior thyroid from ECA) - goes along the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve into larynx
inferior laryngeal artery (branch of inferior thyroid from thyrocervical trunk) - goes along reucrrent laryngeal nerve into larynx

Question 15

venous drainage of larynx

Answer 15

superior laryngeal vein –> superior thyroid vein –> internal jugular
inferior laryngeal vein –> inferior thyroid vein –> left brachiocephalic

Question 16

function of recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 16

sensory - to infraglottis
motor - all internal muscles of larynx except cricothyroid

Question 17

function of superior laryngeal nerve

Answer 17

internal branch - sensory innervation to supraglottis
external branch - motor innervation to cricothyroid

Question 18

list the paired and unpaired cartilages of the larynx

Answer 18

unpaired - epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid
paired - arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform