Organic/Inorganic

Question 1

Heparin & derivatives

carbohydrate

Answer 1

THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
anti-coagulant agent

MOA:
route of administration is IV or SC but NOT orally

Question 2

Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors

carbohydrate; glycosaminoglycan produced by mast cells

Answer 2

THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
anti-diabetic agent

MOA:
inhibit digestion of complex carbohydrates in meals by blocking the action of alpha-glucosidase, thus moderating blood glucose levels after meals

EXAMPLE:
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset)

Question 3

Aminoglycosides

carbohydrates; contain sugar + amino group

Answer 3

THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
antibiotics

MOA:
bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors

EXAMPLE:
Natural product: Tobramycin (Tobrex, TOBI)
Semisynthetic derivative: Amikacin (Amikin)

Question 4

Gemcitabine

nucleoside; pyrimidine derivative

Answer 4

THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
anti-cancer agent

MOA:

• anti-metabolite
• ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor - inhibits DNA synthesis
• requires bio-activation via phosphorylation

Question 5

Fludarabine phosphate (Fludara)

nucleoside; purine derivative

Answer 5

THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
immunosuppressant; anti-cancer agent

MOA:

• inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase
• incorporation in new DNA leads to termination of DNA synthesis and cell death
• requires bio-activation via conversion to the corresponding triphosphate form

Question 6

Misoprostol

lipid

Answer 6

THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers
*prostaglandin pro-drug

MOA:
-methyl ester undergoes hydrolysis to release the bioactive acid
(oxidation is limited)

Question 7

Orlistat (Xenical)

lipid

Answer 7

THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
anti-obesity agent

MOA:
lipase inhibitor (blocks absorption of dietary fats)

Question 8

Iron salts

Answer 8

EXAMPLE:
ferrous sulfate (Feosol)

THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
Anti-anemic (iron dependent anemia)

Question 9

Gold salts

Answer 9

EXAMPLE:
auranofin (Ridaura)

THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
antirheumatic drug

Question 10

Lithium salts

Answer 10

EXAMPLE:
lithium carbonate (Eskalith, Lithobid)

THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
bipolar & manic disorder

Question 11

Zinc salts

Answer 11

EXAMPLE:
zinc acetate (Galvin)

THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
lozenges in common cold, astringent, Wilson’s disease (copper accumulation)

Question 12

Fluoride salts

Answer 12

EXAMPLE:
sodium fluoride

THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
anti-cavity agent

Question 13

Bismuth salts

Answer 13

EXAMPLE:
Pepto Bismol

THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
anti-diarrheal & antacid

Question 14

Metal

nephrotoxic

Answer 14

EXAMPLE:
Cisplatin (Platinol)

THERAPEUTIC CLASS:

• anti-cancer (treats sarcomas and carcinomas in lung and ovarian cancer)
• first metal compound used in cancer chemotherapy

MOA:
DNA alkylating (like) agents form interstrand and intrastrand cross-linking of DNA