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Organic Chemistry Excellence Flashcards

1
Q

What reagent causes the Alcohol -> Alkene Elimination Reaction?

A

Conc. H2SO4, heat

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2
Q

What reagent causes the Haloalkane -> Alkene Elimination Reaction?

A

KOH (alc), heat

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3
Q

Which of the Elimination reactions require Heat?

A

Both: Alcohol -> Alkene, and Haloalkane -> Alkene

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4
Q

How many Elimination Reactions are there?

A

2

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5
Q

What is produced in all Elimination reactions?

A

An alkene/double c=c bond.

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6
Q

Can Elimination reactions create major and minor products?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Conc. H2SO4, Heat

A

Alcohol -> Alkene (Elimination)

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8
Q

KOH (alc), heat

A

Haloalkane -> Alkene (Elimination)

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9
Q

What reagent causes the Alkene -> Dibromoalkane Addition Reaction?

A

Br2

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10
Q

What reagent causes the Alkene -> Dichloroalkane Addition Reaction?

A

Cl2

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11
Q

What reagent causes the Alkene -> Alkane Addition Reaction?

A

H2, Pt or ni catalyst

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12
Q

What reagent causes the Alkene -> Bromoalkane Addition Reaction?

A

HBr

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13
Q

What reagent causes the Alkene -> Chloroalkane Addition Reaction?

A

HCl

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14
Q

What reagent causes the Alkene -> Alcohol Addition Reaction?

A

H+/H2O, heat or dil. H2SO4, heat

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15
Q

Which of the Addition reactions require Heat?

A

The only addition reaction that requires heat is Alkene -> Alcohol using H+/H2O or dil. H2SO4

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16
Q

Which addition reaction requires a catalyst?

A

Alkene -> Alkane addition using H2 (Catalyst Pt or Ni)

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17
Q

How many types of addition reactions are there?

A

4

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18
Q

Which Addition reagents produce major and minor products?

A

Those who have two different types atoms, e.g. HCl, H2O, not Cl2 or H2 + Pt

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19
Q

Br2

A

Alkene -> Dibromoalkane (Addition)

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20
Q

Cl2

A

Alkene -> Dichloroalkane (Addition)

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21
Q

H2 + Pt

A

Alkene -> Alkane (Addition)

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22
Q

HCl

A

Alkene -> Chloroalkane (Addition)

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23
Q

HBr

A

Alkene -> Bromoalkane (Addition)

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24
Q

H+/H2O, heat

A

Alkene -> Alcohol (Addition)

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25
Q

dil. H2SO4, heat

A

Alkene -> Alcohol (Addition)

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26
Q

What reagent(s) causes the Alkene -> Diol Oxidation Reaction?

A

MnO4-, KMnO4-, H+/MnO4-,
All with no heat

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27
Q

What reagent(s) causes the Primary Alcohol -> Carboxylic Acid Oxidation Reaction?

A

H+/MnO4-, heat, or H+/Cr2O72-, KCr2O72-

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28
Q

Which of the Oxidation reactions require heat?

A

H+/MnO4-, only when making Primary Alcohol -> Carboxylic Acid

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29
Q

How many Oxidation reactions are there?

A

2

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30
Q

Can Oxidation Reactions create major and minor products?

A

No

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31
Q

MnO4-

A

Alkene -> Diol (Oxidation)

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32
Q

KMnO4-

A

Alkene -> Diol (Oxidation)

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33
Q

H+/MnO4-

A

Alkene -> Diol (Oxidation)

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34
Q

H+/MnO4-, heat

A

Primary Alcohol -> Carboxylic Acid (Oxidation)

35
Q

H+/Cr2O72-

A

Primary Alcohol -> Carboxylic Acid (Oxidation)

36
Q

KCr2O72-

A

Primary Alcohol -> Carboxylic Acid (Oxidation)

37
Q

What reagent(s) causes the Alcohol -> Chloroalkane Substitution Reaction?

A

SOCl2 (Most correct), or PCl3 or PCl5

38
Q

What reagent(s) causes the Chloroalkane -> Alcohol Substitution Reaction?

A

KOH, (aq), heat

39
Q

What reagent(s) causes the Chloroalkane -> Amine Substitution Reaction?

A

Conc. NH3, (alc)

40
Q

What reagent(s) causes the Alkane -> Chloroalkane Substitution Reaction?

A

Cl2, UV light And/Or Heat (Monosubstitution, meaning it replaces one H with a Cl)

41
Q

What reagent(s) causes the Alkane -> Bromoalkane Substitution Reaction?

A

Br2, UV light And/Or Heat (Monosubstitution, meaning it replaces one H with a Br)

42
Q

Which of the Substitution reactions require heat?

A

KOH (aq), Br2, Cl2

43
Q

How many Substitution reactions are there?

A

4

44
Q

Can Substitution reactions create major and minor products?

A

No

45
Q

SOCl2

A

Alcohol -> Chloroalkane (Substitution)

46
Q

PCl3

A

Alcohol -> Chloroalkane (Substitution)

47
Q

PCl5

A

Alcohol -> Chloroalkane (Substitution)

48
Q

KOH, (aq), heat

A

Chloroalkane -> Alcohol (Substitution)

49
Q

Conc. NH3, (alc)

A

Chloroalkane -> Amine (Substitution)

50
Q

Cl2, UV light And/Or Heat

A

Alkane -> Chloroalkane (Substitution)

51
Q

Br2, UV light And/Or Heat

A

Alkane -> Bromoalkane (Substitution)

52
Q

What is the difference between KOH (alc) and KOH (aq)?

A

KOH (alc) is elimination (Haloalkane -> Alkene), KOH (aq) is substitution (Chloroalkane -> Alcohol)

53
Q

What is the difference between Conc. H2SO4 and dil. H2SO4?

A

Conc. H2SO4 is elimination (Alcohol -> Alkene), dil. H2SO4 is addition (Alkene -> Alcohol)

54
Q

What is the difference between Br2 and Br2 with UV light/heat?

A

Without UV light and/or heat, it is addition (Alkene -> Dibromoalkane), but with UV light and/or heat it is substitution (Alkane -> Bromoalkane, monosubstitution)

55
Q

What is the difference between Cl2 and Cl2 with UV light/heat?

A

Without UV light and/or heat, it is addition (Alkene -> Dichloroalkane), but with UV light and/or heat it is substitution (Alkane -> Chloroalkane, monosubstitution)

56
Q

What is the difference between H+/MnO4- and H+/MnO4- with heat?

A

Both are oxidation. Without heat it is Alkene -> Diol, with heat it is Alcohol -> Carboxylic Acid

57
Q

Acids are proton donors/acceptors?

A

Donors

58
Q

Acids are proton donors/acceptors?

A

Acceptors

59
Q

Acid + base ->

A

Salt + Water

60
Q

Acid + Metal ->

A

Metal Salt + H

61
Q

Acid + Carbonate ->

A

Salt + Water + CO2

62
Q

CH3CH2COOH + NaOH ->

A

CH3CH2COO-Na+ + H2O

63
Q

CH3COOH + NH3 ->

A

CH3COO-NH4+

64
Q

CH3COOH + CH3NH2 ->

A

CH3COO-CH3NH3+

65
Q

What organic substances are soluble in water?

A

Small (C 1-4) alcohols, amines, and Carboxylic acids

66
Q

What organic substances are insoluble in water?

A

Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, and Larger (C 5+) alcohols, amines, and Carboxylic acids

67
Q

What organic substance turns Red litmus paper blue?

A

Amines

68
Q

What organic substance turns Blue litmus paper red?

A

Carboxylic acids

69
Q

What organic substance turns UI from green to blue?

A

Amines

70
Q

What organic substance turns UI from green to orange?

A

Carboxylic acids

71
Q

What turns H+/Cr2O72- to Cr3+?

A

Primary Alcohol

72
Q

What is the colour change when H+/Cr2O72- turns to Cr3+?

A

Orange -> Green

73
Q

What turns H+/MnO4- to Mn2+ when heated?

A

Primary Alcohol

74
Q

What is the colour change when H+/MnO4- turns to Mn2+ when heated?

A

Purple -> colourless

75
Q

What turns MnO4- to MnO2?

A

Alkene

76
Q

What is the colour change when MnO4- turns to MnO2?

A

Purple solution to brown precipitate

77
Q

What turns H+/MnO4- to Mn2+?

A

Alkene

78
Q

What is the colour change when H+/MnO4- turns to Mn2+?

A

Purple -> colourless

79
Q

What do amines smell like?

A

Rotting, decomposing, or fishy smell

80
Q

What do Carboxylic acids smell like?

A

‘Sharp’, sour, vinegary or vomit smell

81
Q

What rapidly decolourises Bromine water from orange to colourless?

A

Alkenes

82
Q

What colour is bromine water?

A

Orange

83
Q

What slowly decolourises Bromine water from orange to colourless, in the presence of UV light and/or heat?

A

Alkanes

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