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Oral Communication > Oral Communication > Flashcards

Oral Communication Flashcards

Nature of Communication to Types of Communicative Strategies (Midterms)

1
Q

Most essential key in communication

A

Understanding

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2
Q

Eye Contact, Facial Expression, Gestures

A

Non-verbal

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3
Q

Earthly pleasure

A

Eid

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4
Q

Good side

A

Ego

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5
Q

The one that decides

A

Super Ego

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6
Q

The source of information or message

A

Speaker

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7
Q

The information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or action

A

Message

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8
Q

Process of converting the message into words/actions/other forms

A

Encoding

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9
Q

Process of interpreting the encoded message

A

Decoding

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9
Q

Mode/Means/Medium in which the encoded message is conveyed

A

Channel

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10
Q

Reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver

A

Feedback

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11
Q

Recipient of the message

Someone who decodes the message

A

Receiver

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12
Q

Background

Environment where the communication takes place

A

Context

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13
Q

The factors that affect the flow of communication

Affects the process of examination

A

Barriers

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14
Q

Type of barrier pertaining to noises and the environment

A

External Barriers

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15
Q

Type of barrier pertaining to emotions such as depression and anxiety

A

Internal Barrier

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16
Q

Having authority as speaker

Ex. Classroom setting where the teacher is discussing

A

Control

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17
Q

The need to interact with people

Exchanging ideas and thoughts as a natural desire for humans to connect

Ex. friends talking, catching up

A

Social Interaction

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18
Q

Comforting

Ability to convince/uplift

Ex. Cheering, Motivating

A

Motivation

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19
Q

Ability to tell how people how to react

Expressing emotions in your topic

Ability to express yourself as a whole

Ex. Kids laughing, Expressing love

A

Emotional Expression

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20
Q

Facts/Educational

Clear and Organized

Ex. Presenting, Orienting

A

Information Dissemination

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21
Q

Communication should contain all information needed for the receiver to act/respond

_________ communication is essential to the quality of communication

A

Completeness

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22
Q

Speaker should always consider relevant information or different aspects of the audience/receiver

Such as; mood, background, race, preference, education, status, needs

It is important to get to know your audience/build rapport

A

Consideration

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23
Q

Doesn’t mean keeping the message short, but making it direct and straight to the point

Insignificant or redundant information should be eliminated

A

Conciseness

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24
Q

Message should be _________ and supported by facts, figures, and real-life examples/situations (reliable, backed with evidence)

This makes the receiver more connected to the message

Should not be biased or clouded with your own opinions

A

Concreteness

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25
Q

Respecting the culture, values, and beliefs of their receivers (being conscious)

This creates a positive impact on the receivers

A

Courtesy

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26
Q

The use of simple and specific words to express ideas

Also achieved when the speaker focuses on a single objective so as not to confuse the receivers

A

Clearness

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27
Q

___________ in grammar eliminates negative impact on audience, increases credibility/clarity of message

A

Correctness

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28
Q

If overcome with emotion, we may not be able to understand/communicate properly

Ex. feeling frustrated, having a bad day, boredom

solution = relax/calm yourself down, reset and reflect

A

Emotional Barriers

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29
Q

Specialized vocabulary in a certain field used by professionals

A

Jargon

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30
Q

Adjusting your language by using layman’s terms or commonly used words

Ex. a scientist explaining a certain phenomenon with a neighbor

A

Use of Jargon

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31
Q

Being shy, insecure

solution = find organizations where you can share and develop your interests

A

Lack of Confidence

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32
Q

Unnecessary sounds cause distractions

A common barrier

Ex. a song playing loudly

Solution = make some adjustments, look for a quiet area

A

Noisy Environment

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33
Q

Refers to interactions that use words to relay a message

A

Verbal Communication

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34
Q

Words that fit the right situation and right people

The language you use should be appropriate to the occasion/environment

A

Appropriateness

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35
Q

Speaker that uses simple yet precise and powerful words

Avoid filler words and unsubstantial words

A

Brevity

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36
Q

Meanings of words may be interpreted differently by listener if not clear

Clearly state your message and express your ideas and feelings

A

Clarity

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37
Q

Right or wrong

Norms, values, morals

Words should be chosen in consideration of gender, roles, ethnicity, preferences, status

A

Ethics

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38
Q

Words that vividly/creatively describe things or feelings usually add color and spice to communication

Find a way to charm your audience and engage with them

A

Vividness

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39
Q

Happens when individuals interact, negotiate, and create meanings while bringing in their varies cultural backgrounds

Pertains to communication among people of different nationalities

Communication influenced by different ethnicities, religions, sexual orientations

A

Intercultural Communication

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40
Q

Attitude that one’s own group, ethnicity or nationality is superior to all other cultural groups

A

Ethnocentrism

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41
Q

Oversimplification/Distortion of views of another race, ethnic group, or even another culture

A

Stereotpying

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42
Q

Negative attitude toward a cultural group based on little to no experience

A

Prejudice

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43
Q

The ability to understand and respect each other across all types of cultural barriers

A

Intercultural Competence

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43
Q

Overt actions one takes to exclude, avoid, or distance oneself from other groups

A

Discrimination

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44
Q

Doesn’t recognize cultural differences

“all cities are the same, tall buildings, fast food chains, coffee shops”

A

Stage 1.) Denial

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44
Q

An individual’s ability to develop emotion towards understanding and appreciation cultural differences

A

Intercultural Sensitivity

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45
Q

Starts to recognize cultural differences

Either intimidated or has an unjustified high regard for it

Superiority/Inferiority

“Our culture is better; I wish I was one of them”

A

Stage 2.) Defense/Reversal

46
Q

Finding commonalities, unity, oneness

Assumes that their worldview is shared by others as well

They see cultural differences but they bank more on the universality of ideas rather than accepting the differences

“We really are just the same”

A

Stage 3.) Minimization

47
Q

Begins to appreciate the cultural difference in behaviors and values

They accept that there are differences but they don’t necessarily agree with them

Making it a learning opportunity and studying the culture first

A

Stage 4.) Acceptance

48
Q

Individuals start to go beyond their own cultures

Being able to _______the values, behaviors, and their beliefs

You can look at other cultures and experience them as if you are part of the culture itself

Looking at things from the perspective of various cultures

Ex. Global Nomads

A

Stage.6) Integration

48
Q

Very open to world views when accepting new perspectives

Empathizing emotionally

Adjusting your approach in consideration of cultural differences

A

Stage.5) Adaptation

49
Q

Refers to an individual’s attitude about and level of comfort in uncertain situations

A

Flexibility & Ability to Tolerate High Levels of Uncertainty

50
Q

Used as a means of focusing our thought process as a way of being mindful of our attitudes to others

A

Reflectiveness

51
Q

Being aware or heading

A

Mindfulness

52
Q

Relates to the way in which people approach the views and knowledge of others

A

Mindfulness

53
Q

Is the quality of being tender, easily irritated, or sympathetic

A

Sensitivity

54
Q

Refers to the ability of a person to change actions, course, or approach to doing things in order to suit a new situation

A

Adaptability

55
Q

Creating ideas/strategies on how you will be able to approach the situation

Ability to think outside of the box

A

Ability to Engage in Divergent Thinking & Systems-Level Thinking

56
Q

Practical application of good manners or etiquette

A

Politeness

57
Q

The environment in which speech takes place

Circumstances, settings, situation in which a speech/verbal communication occurs

Includes factors such as physical environments, audience, purpose of speech, and any social/cultural considerations

Influences the choice of language, tone, and style to
make the message appropriate and tailored to a specific situation

A

Speech Context

58
Q

Refers to communication that centers on one person

The person can be a speaker/receiver as well

Self-reflection or internal dialogue

A

Intrapersonal

59
Q

Information about yourself that you and others know

A

Open Self

60
Q

Information about yourself that you don’t know but others do

A

Blind Self

61
Q

Information about yourself that you know but other’s don’t

A

Hidden Self

62
Q

Information about yourself that you and others don’t know

A

Unknown Self

63
Q

Communication between and among people

Best among all communications

A

Interpersonal

64
Q

Refers to communication that occurs between two people

A

Dyad Communication

65
Q

Communication involving 3 but not more than 10 people

A

Small Group

66
Q

Refers to communication that requires you to deliver or send the message before or in front of a group

Channels are more exaggerated

You can see the speaker and witness the reaction of your audience

Ex. Campaign, Grad speech, Mass, Declamation

A

Public

67
Q

Refers to communication that takes place through television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and other types of media

Reaches worldwide

A

Mass Communication

68
Q

This style is private

Occurs between or among close family members or intimate individuals

Language in this style must not be shared in public

A

Intimate

69
Q

Common among peers, friends

Jargon, slang, street & gay language, vulgar words

A

Casual

70
Q

The standard one

Professional or mutually acceptable language is a must in this style

Applies a semi-formal kind of speaking, right between formal and casual

Has concise sentences, speaker supplies listener with information

A

Consultative

71
Q

Used in formal settings

Unlike consultative style, this is one-way

Ex. State of the Nation Address of the President

A

Formal

72
Q

This style is “frozen” in time and remains unchanged.

Ex. Lord’s Prayer, Allegiance to the Nation’s Flag

A

Frozen

73
Q

An utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect

Acts that refer to actions performed by the utterance of words

Speaker’s utterance that convey meaning with the purpose of making the listeners do specific things

A

Speech Acts

74
Q

The social function of what is said

It is not just saying something, but the act of saying something with intention

An act performed merely by saying something

What the speaker implies or insinuates

A

Illocutionary

74
Q

Is the actual act of uttering

The act of saying something using sounds, and the grammatical system of the language

Utterance in the form of a statement

Linguistic form of the utterance

Mental grammar

A

Locutionary

75
Q

The resulting act of what is said

An utterance that give an effect to do something

The effect of the meaningful, unintentional utterance on the hearer

The response of the listener

A

Perlocutionary

76
Q

Verbs that execute the speech act that they intend to effect

A ___________ utterance said by the right person under the right circumstances results in a change in the world

A speech act whose utterance performs an action that has the power to change reality or a specific situation

Ex. Weddings, Graduation

A

Performatives

77
Q

A type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses beliefs about the truth of a proposition

A

Assertive

78
Q

Suggesting

A

Assertive

79
Q

Putting forward

A

Assertive

80
Q

Swearing

A

Assertive

81
Q

Boasting

A

Assertive

82
Q

Concluding

A

Assertive

83
Q

A type of illocutionary act in which the speaker tries to make the addressee perform an action

A

Directive

84
Q

Asking

A

Directive

84
Q

Ordering

A

Directive

85
Q

Requesting

A

Directive

85
Q

Inviting

A

Directive

85
Q

Advising

A

Directive

85
Q

A type of illocutionary act which commits the speaker to doing something in the future

A

Commissive

86
Q

Begging

A

Directive

86
Q

Promising

A

Commissive

87
Q

Planning

A

Commissive

87
Q

Vowing

A

Commissive

88
Q

Betting

A

Commissive

89
Q

A type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses his/her emotional reactions

A

Expressive

90
Q

Thanking

A

Expressive

91
Q

Welcoming

A

Expressive

91
Q

Apologizing

A

Expressive

92
Q

Deploring

A

Expressive

93
Q

A type of illocutionary act which brings a change in the external situation

A

Declaration

94
Q

Blessing

A

Declaration

95
Q

Firing

A

Declaration

96
Q

Baptizing

A

Declaration

97
Q

Bidding

A

Declaration

98
Q

Passing Sentence

A

Declaration

99
Q

Excommunicating

A

Declaration

100
Q

A speaker carries out a nomination to collaboratively and productively establish a topic

You try to open a topic with the people you are talking to

A

Nomination

101
Q

Refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker

Whenever you’re communicating, certain instruction confines you as a speaker and limit what you can say

A

Restriction

102
Q

The process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor

The primary idea is to give all communicators a chance to speak

A

Turn-taking

103
Q

Covers how procedural formality/informality affects the development of topics in conversation

You can make yourself actively involved in the conversation without overly dominating it by using minimal responses

A

Topic Control

104
Q

Involves moving from one topic to another

It is where one part of a conversation ends and another one begins

A

Topic Shifting

105
Q

Refers to how the speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation

The self-righting mechanism in any social interaction

A

Repair

106
Q

Refers to how conversation participants’ close-initiating expression that end a topic in a conversation

You can try to signal an end of a topic through concluding cues

A

Termination

Oral Communication (1 decks)

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