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Dutch: A Thousand Things About Holland (Rev Feb-Mar 2024) > One Hundred Facts About Holland (Rev Feb 2024) > Flashcards

One Hundred Facts About Holland (Rev Feb 2024) Flashcards

1
Q

Why did the Netherlands begin to trade with the East Indies?

A

Because Spain had forbidden the Netherlands to trade with Spain and Portugal

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2
Q

What is the name of the Dutch East India Company in Dutch? Years in existence? Founder?

A

De Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC). 1602-1799. Johan van Oldenbarneveldt (1547-1619).

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3
Q

When and where was the Droste chocolate business founded?

A

1863, Haarlem

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4
Q

What is the Flying Dutchman?

A

A transparent ghost ship. It was a VOC ship that was in such a rush to make a bigger profit, that it sailed, against regulations, on Easter Sunday. It departed into the wind, under full sail that glowed red, and was never heard from again.

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5
Q

When did the Germans enter Holland in WWII?

A

10 May 1940

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6
Q

When was Rotterdam bombed during WWII?

A

14 May 1940

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7
Q

What is Sail Amsterdam? How often does it take place?

A

A regatta that has been held every 5 years since 1975.

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8
Q

What is Ajax? What is its full name in Dutch? When was it founded? When did it win its first national title? When did it win its first World Cup?

A

In Dutch: Amsterdamsche Football Club Ajax (AFC Ajax), founded 1900. 1918, 1972.

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9
Q

What is the Dutch West India Company? When was it founded and by whom?

A

Chartered company (GWC) of Dutch merchants and foreign investors. Child company of the Dutch East India Company, operating in the New World. Founded 1621 by Willem Usselincx and Jessé de Forest.

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10
Q

When was slavery abolished in the West Indies?

A

1863

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11
Q

Did the Netherlands take part in WWI?

A

Holland was neutral, but many Dutch merchants started profitable businesses with the Germans.

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12
Q

When and where did Kaiser Wilhelm go to live after WWI?

A

In 1918 he asked for and was granted asylum in the Netherlands, and he stayed there until his death in 1941.

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13
Q

What is the Caribbean Netherlands? Relationship to Netherlands Antilles?

A

Now consists of 3 public bodies of the Netherlands and overseas territories of the EU: Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba (collectively known as BES). The Netherlands Antilles was dissolved in 2010.

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14
Q

Besides the Dutch Antilles, what country in the New World has been part of the Netherlands?

A

Suriname (formerly spelled Surinam), now an independent country

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15
Q

Who was Michiel de Ruyter? What deed is he most famous for?

A

Dutch admiral in the Anglo-Dutch wars during the 17th century. In 1667 he led a raid up the Thames into London.

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16
Q

Who was Piet Hein, and what was he famous for?

A

Dutch admiral and privateer. In 1628 he captured the Spanish treasure fleet.

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17
Q

Who was Erasmus and when did he live? What was his most famous book?

A

International Humanist. Life span ca. 1496-1536. He was probably the illegitimate child of a priest. “In Praise of Folly”

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18
Q

Who was Anne Frank?

A

A Jewish girl, born in Germany in 1929, whose family fled to the Netherlands in 1933 when Hitler came to power. During WWII, her family was hidden in the attic of a house in Amsterdam until the Nazis discovered them and sent them to concentration camps. Only Anne’s father survived.

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19
Q

Who was Rembrandt? What was his most famous painting?

A

Famous painter during the 17th century Dutch Golden Age. Night Watch.

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20
Q

Who was Aletta Jacobs?

A

Early feminist (1854-1929). She wanted to go to college and received permission to do so by the prime minister.

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21
Q

Who was Christiaan Huygens?

A

Scientist during the Dutch Golden Age. Worked on the pendulum clock, steam engine, telescope.

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22
Q

What happened to the “other” Netherlands Antilles in 2010?

A

Aruba, Curacao, and Sint Maarten became autonomous countries but are still part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

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23
Q

What is Oranje?

A

The name could apply to the Dutch national soccer team, or to the Dutch royal family, or to many other things Dutch. (Orange is sort of the national color.)

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24
Q

What and when is Prinsjesdag?

A

On the third Tuesday in September, the Dutch king reviews the past year and talks about future plans.

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25
Q

What is the history and current relationship between the Netherlands and Indonesia?

A

During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Netherlands conquered (in a violent and bloody way) a large part of the Malay Archipelago, which later became known as “Dutch East Indies.” During WWII, on 8 Mar 1942, the Dutch East Indies fell into the hands of Japan. Indonesian nationalist Sukarno worked with the Japanese against the Dutch, and on 7 Aug 1945, two days after Japan had surrendered, declared Indonesian independence. Holland fought independence until 1949. The “police actions” resulted in 150,000 deaths on the part of the Indonesians and 5,000 on the part of the Dutch.

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26
Q

Who was Spinoza (1632-1677)?

A

Philosopher. Son of Sephardic Jews who had fled from Portugal. He claimed that the Jews were not the chosen people. “Everything is God”

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27
Q

Who was Willibrord (658-739)?

A

He converted the Frisians to Christianity.

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28
Q

Who was Baron Hendrik Hop (1723-1808) and what sweet treat did he invent?

A

“Haagsche hopjes,” from a cup of coffee with sugar left overnight on the stove.

29
Q

What are poffertjes and when were they invented?

A

Puffed-up pancakes with yeast, invented in the 18th century.

30
Q

Brief history of the EU.

A

1951: Treaty of Paris about coal and steel collaboration, leading to EEC. 1993: Treaty of Maastricht and euro. 2007: Treaty of Lisbon EU with European Constitution.

31
Q

What is the Veluwe?

A

A nature area near Utrecht.

32
Q

What is Efteling? Where is it located? Who designed and built it? When did it open?

A

A fairytale-themed amusement park located near Tilburg (southeast of Rotterdam). Anton Pieck (1895-1978) and Peter Reijnders (1900-1974). It opened in 1952 as a fairy tale forest.

33
Q

Who founded the Netherlands as a governmental unit?

A

Charles V (1500-1558), who became Lord of the Netherlands at the age of 15. In 1516 he became the king of Spain, and in 1519 he was the emperor (Hapsburg) of Germany. He wanted the Netherlands to be a single collective state with Roman Catholicism as the only religion.

34
Q

Who was Max Havelaar?

A

He was a civil servant who led the struggle against colonialism in Indonesia.

35
Q

What is the dish called that mixes curly kale and mashed potatoes?

A

Boerenkoolstamppot

36
Q

Did the Dutch invent peanut butter?

A

It probably came from Suriname and was used as early as 1901 in Holland. In Dutch it’s called pindakaas.

37
Q

What’s special about Limburg?

A

It “hangs” into Belgium, it’s mountainous, and it has coal, flint, and marl (a kind of lime). (“Lime” means “path” or “border” in Latin. The limestone mines were on the border between the Roman and Celtic territories.)

38
Q

What holidays are celebrated on 5 and 6 Dec in the Netherlands?

A

5 Dec is pakjesavond (evening of Sinterklaas, when presents are exchanged), and 6 Dec is Sinterklaas, when Sinterklaas and his Piets return to Spain.

39
Q

What is the origin of the current Father Christmas tradition?

A

Father Christmas officially arrives in Holland the weekend after 5 December. The holiday came to the United States in the 18th century through the Dutch colonists. The current “Santa Claus” appearance was established by a series of Coca-Cola ads in 1930.

40
Q

Who are the “Old Dutch Masters” (painters) - all from the 17th century Golden Age?

A

Rembrandt, Jan Steen, Johannes Vermeer, and Frans Hals

41
Q

What happened to the Zuiderzee and Flevoland? What is Almere?

A

Between 1955 and 1968 the land was drained to make more living space for the growing population of Amsterdam. The new island is called Flevopolder, and the largest city on it is Almere, which has 200,000 inhabitants. The land it sits on is between 2 and 5 yards below sea level.

42
Q

How do the Dutch celebrate New Year’s Eve?

A

The Dutch have a long tradition of setting off fireworks on New Year’s Eve, and there are a large number of injuries and death each year. They also do carbide shooting (lighting of acetylene gas), which causes deafening explosions, and burn huge bonfires of leftover Christmas trees and even cars.

43
Q

What was the flood of 31 Jan - 1 Feb 1953?

A

The combination of spring tide and a northwesterly storm caused a storm of unprecedented height known as the St Ignatius Flood. The worst damage was along a stretch of dike that was next in line for repairs, but work had been slow because of financial issues after WWII. About 1,800 people lost their lives, and 100,000 became homeless.

44
Q

What is the Delta Works?

A

This project was begun after the St Ignatius Flood of 1953, and it was completed in 1997. It is a gigantic system of dams and storm barriers.

45
Q

What is the St Elizabeth Flood?

A

In 1421, the counties of Flanders, Zeeland, and Holland were flooded, and 2,000 people lost their lives. Two similar floods had taken place only a few years earlier.

46
Q

What is the Eleven Cities Skating Tour?

A

The references is to the eleven cities in Friesland. The tour can happen only in years of very cold weather. The record time is about 7 hours.

47
Q

Who was Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)?

A

He started painting in Holland and later moved to Paris, where his brother Theo had an art gallery. He had attacks of depression and committed suicide when he was only 37. He had poor financial success with his art during his lifetime, but in recent times his works have sold for upwards of $80 or $100 million.

48
Q

Who was Willem of Orange (1533-1584)?

A

He is considered the father of the Dutch Republic after working to unite the 17 Netherland provinces. Willem was born Willem of Nassau in Germany, and at the age of 11 he inherited the Principality of Orange in Frankrijk, which explains his full name “Willem of Orange-Nassau.”

49
Q

What was the social and religious struggle that led to the Eighty Years’ War?

A

There was general anger against the treatment of the Netherlands by Spain. In particular, Dutch Protestants were not allowed to profess their faith openly in Spanish Holland. in 1566, a group of Protestants egged on by a clergyman destroyed many or most Catholic churches. The Spanish king sent the Duke of Alva to Holland to restore order, and many Protestants fled abroad. William of Orange fled to Germany and there organized the resistance to Spanish rule that led to the war.

50
Q

When do the tulips bloom? What is the history of tulips in Holland?

A

April is the best month to see tulips in bloom. The first bulbs came from Turkey at the end of the 16th century. Speculation was at a peak in about 1630, and in 1637 the tulip market collapsed. The Keukenhof garden in Lisse is a bulb showplace.

51
Q

Who was the first king of Holland?

A

In 1813, King Willem I (1772-1843) became the first king of Holland and Belgium when the French were driven out. Belgium didn’t recognize the Protestant king and declared its independence in 1830. King Willem I abdicated in 1840.

52
Q

Who was King Willem II (1792-1849)?

A

King Willem II ruled during the tumultuous period of history that included the 1848 French Revolution.

53
Q

Who was King Willem III (1817-1890)?

A

He was a difficult man, known in his later years as King Gorilla.

54
Q

Who were Regent Emma and Queen Wilhelmina (1880-1962)?

A

All three of King Willem III’s sons died before he did. His daughter, Wilhelmina, was only 10 when he died, and her mother, Emma, acted as regent until Wilhelmina turned 18. During WWII she headed the Dutch government in exile. She wanted more power for the crown.

55
Q

Who were Queen Juliana and Queen Beatrix?

A

Queen Juliana (1909-2004) was more casual than her mother. She was particularly interested in social issues. Queen Beatrix was married to a German. She was more formal and often got too involved in government issues. She abdicated in 2013.

56
Q

Who are King Willem-Alexander (1967-) and Queen Máxima (1971-)?

A

The king studied history in Leiden and has a pilot’s license. He is popular because of his “ordinariness.” He runs marathons and has skated the Eleven Cities Tour. His wife is Argentinian; she is very popular with the Dutch people. They have three daughters.

57
Q

What is the history of country houses in the 17th and 18th centuries?

A

The rich Amsterdammers left the city in summer, because the canals stank so that it was almost impossible to bear in the warm months. The owners took not only their families and staff members to the country, but also some of their furniture. The women and children typically stayed all summer, and the men joined them when they could get away from their work.

58
Q

What is the natural gas reserve in Groningen?

A

Discovered in 1959, the gas reserves are starting to run out. The Dutch Oil Company would like to develop other fields, such as those in the nature preserves in the Wadden Sea. Environmental groups are strongly opposed.

59
Q

Who designed the Enclosure Dyke (Afsluitdijk)? When was it built?

A

Cornelis Lely (1854-1929). The dyke was begun in 1927 and completed in 1932. Lely didn’t live to see it finished.

60
Q

When was the last 200K Eleven Cities Tour in Friesland?

A

1997

61
Q

When was the 2021 general election?

A

March 15-17, 2021

62
Q

Will Mark Rutte continue to be PM in 2021 +

A

Yes

63
Q

What is Mark Rutte’s political party?

A

VVD (People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy)

64
Q

Which parties lost seats in the 2021 election?

A

CDA (Christian Democratic Appeal) and PvdA (Labour)

65
Q

Which parties gained seats in the 2021 election?

A

D66 (Democrats 66) and VVD (People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy, Rutte’s party)

66
Q

Popular D66 initiatives

A

education and more welcoming to refugees, abortion rights and voluntary termination of life

67
Q

Notable minority parties in the Netherlands

A

Party for Animals, Pirate Party, Code Orange (direct democracy), Jesus Lives (evangelical), Party Party

68
Q

Who is the new (28 May 2024) prime minister?

A

Dick Schoof, former Dutch intelligence chief and political outsider.

Dutch: A Thousand Things About Holland (Rev Feb-Mar 2024) (1 decks)

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