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HemeOnc > Onco Drugs > Flashcards

Onco Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Alkylating Agents

A

Direct crosslinking of base pairs: Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Ifsofamide, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin

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2
Q

Cisplatin

A

Atypical alkylator : Platinum : Nausia & Vomiting, Nephrotoxic

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3
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Typical alkylator : Myelosupression, Hemorragic cystitis less serious than Ifsoamide (treat with Mesna)

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4
Q

Ifsofamide

A

Typical alkylator : Myelosupression, Hemorragic cystitis (treat with Mesna)

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5
Q

Carboplatin

A

Atypical alkylator : Platinum : Thrombocytopenia

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6
Q

Oxaliplatin

A

Atypical alkylator : Platinum : Cold sensitivity

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7
Q

Antimetabolites

A

Cellular compound mimicry inhibits DNA replication and repair. S phase specific : Methotrexate, Fluorouracil, Capecitabine, Cytarabine, Mercaptopurine

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8
Q

Methotrexate

A

Antimetabolite : Folate antagonist : Myelosupression : >100mg/m2 is a high dose : Cells “rescued” at 24 hours : Inhibition of DHFR

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9
Q

Fluorouracil

A

Antimetabolite : Pyrimidine analogue : Dose limiting toxicity with myelosupression and GI distress : Used with leucovorin

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10
Q

Capecitabine

A

Antimetabolite : Pyrimidine analogue : Hand-foot syndrome : Fluorouracil prodrug

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11
Q

Mercaptopurine

A

Antimetabolite : Purine antagonist

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12
Q

Cytarabine

A

Antimetabolite : Pyrimidine antagonist : CEREBELLAR TOXICITY, Conjunctivitis

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13
Q

Nitrosoureas

A

Atypical alkylator related to mustard gas

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14
Q

Microtubule Agents

A

Microtubule destruction (duh) in the M phase : Vincristine, vinblastine, Vinorelbine, Paclitaxel, Docetaxel : DO NOT GIVE INTRATHECALLY

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15
Q

Vinblastine

A

Microtubule agent : cumulative neurotoxicities, high myelosupression

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16
Q

Vincristine

A

Microtubule agent : cumulative neurotoxicities, moderate myelosupression : max 2mg dose

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17
Q

Paclitaxel

A

Microtubule agent : Myelosupression, peripheral neuropathies, hypersensitivity rxn to diluent

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18
Q

Docetaxel

A

Microtubule agent : Myelosupression, peripheral neuropathies, hypersensitivity rxn to diluent

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19
Q

Topoisomerase I Agents

A

Inhibit the enzyme responsible for relaxing supercoiled DNA : Topotecan, Irinotecan

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20
Q

Topoisomerase II Agents

A

Inhibit the enzyme responsible for recoiling DNA after transcription

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21
Q

Topotecan

A

Topoisomerase I Agents : Myelosupression

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22
Q

Irinotecan

A

Topoisomerase I Agent : Myelosupression, Diarrhea (i ran to the can) treat with atropine (early) or loperamide (late)

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23
Q

Etoposide

A

Topoisomerase II Agent : can cause hypertension

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24
Q

Teniposide

A

Topoisomerase II Agent : Myelosupression, mucositis

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25
Q

Anthracyclines

A

Intercalate DNA and inhibit topoisomerase. Can also cause free radical damage and alkylation : Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, Idarubicin

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26
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Anthracycline : Myelosupression, Mucositis, Extravasation, CARDIAC TOXICITY

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27
Q

Daunorubicin

A

Anthracycline : Myelosupression, Mucositis, Extravasation, CARDIAC TOXICITY

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28
Q

Idarubicin

A

Anthracycline : Myelosupression, Mucositis, Extravasation, CARDIAC TOXICITY

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29
Q

Differentiation Agents

A

Promote maturation of arrested cell line. : ATRA, Arsenic Trioxide

30
Q

ATRA

A

Differentiation agent : Atra sydrome (WBC elevated, fevers, pulm edema)

31
Q

Arsenic Trioxide

A

Differentiation agent : APL, Cardiotoxicity

32
Q

Chemotheraputic Antibiotics

A

Dactinomycin, Mitomycin, Bleomycin

33
Q

L-asparaginase

A

Enzyme depletes aspartic acid : look for pancreatitis and DIC

34
Q

Bleomycin

A

Chemotheraputic Antibiotic : Causes pneumonitis & fibrosis. This occurs due to low levels of hydrolase enzymes in the lung leading to edema, collagen buildup and cytokine release.

35
Q

Bortezomib

A

Proteasome inhibitor : causes fatigue, weakness, neuropathy, and thrombocytopenia : mechanism is preventing protein degradation disrupting growth

36
Q

Carfilzomib

A

Treatment for Bortezomib refractory disease

37
Q

Immunomodulating Agents

A

Antiangiogenesis and prevention of cell adhesion (ICAM, VCAM) : Thalidomide, Lenalidomide

38
Q

Thalidomide

A

Immunomodulating Agent : Toxicities include neuropathy, thromboembolism, constipation

39
Q

Lenalidomide

A

Immunomodulating Agent : Toxicities include neuropathy, thromboembolism

40
Q

Interferon / Interlukin 2

A

Modulation of immune system : Flu-like symptoms and depression/ psych symptoms

41
Q

Anti-Estrogens

A

Breast Cancer : Tamoxifen, Fulvestant

42
Q

Aromatase Inhibitor

A

Breast Cancer : Anastrozole, Letrozole, Exemestane

43
Q

Antiandrogens

A

Prostate Cancer : Flutamide, Bicalutamide, Nilutamide

44
Q

LHRH Agonists

A

Prostate Cancer : Leuprolide, Goserelin

45
Q

GnRH Antagonist

A

Prostate Cancer : Degarelix

46
Q

CYP17 Inhibitor

A

Prostate Cancer : Abiraterone (androgen synthesis inhibition)

47
Q

Monoclonal Antibody Characterization

A

100% Mouse : Murine : onab
33% Mouse : Chimeric : imab
10% Mouse : Humanized : umab
0% Mouse : Human : mumab

48
Q

Rituximab

A

Lymphoma : target CD20

49
Q

Trastuzumab

A

Breast Cancer : target Her-2

50
Q

Cetuximab

A

Solid Tumor : target EGFR : toxicity anceiform rash (good prognosis) and hypersensitivity rxns

51
Q

Bevacizumab

A

Solid Tumor : target VEGF : toxicity proteinuria, GI

52
Q

Imatinib Mesylate

A

Protein kinase inhibitor of BCR-ABL : Used for CML : aka Gleevec

53
Q

Zofran / Ondansetron

A

Serotonin antagonist that blocks 5HT3 receptors. Prevents ACUTE Nausea & vomiting

54
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Corticosteroid for DELAYED nausea and vomiting

55
Q

Aprepitant/ Emend

A

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) antagonist for DELAYED nausea and vomiting

56
Q

CINV High risk treatment

A

Pre: Nk1, serotonin, steroid
Post: steroid, NK1

57
Q

CINV Moderate Risk treatment

A

Pre: Serotonin, steroid
Post: steroid

58
Q

CINV Low Risk Treatment

A

Pre: Steroid
Post: N/A

59
Q

Sargramostim (GM-CSF)

A

WBC stimulator w/ daily injection

60
Q

Filgrastim (G-CSF)

A

WBC stimulator w/ daily injection

61
Q

Pegfilgrastim

A

WBC stimulator w/ CYCLE injection

62
Q

CSF treatment guideline

A

> 20% risk of febrile neutropenia

63
Q

Contraindications to ESA therapy

A

Intent to cure, active chemo treatment

64
Q

CNS drug concerns

A

Cytarabine

65
Q

PNS drug concerns

A

Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Vinca, Taxanes (micotubule agents)

66
Q

ANS drug concerns

A

Cisplatin, Vinca

67
Q

Cardiac drug concerns

A

Anthracyclines, treat with Dexrazoxane

68
Q

Renal Toxicity

A

Cisplatin, IL2, HD Methotrexate, Mitomycin, Nitrosoureas

69
Q

Hemmorrhagic Cystitis

A

Ifosfamide, Cyclophoshamide

70
Q

Methotrexate (x2)

A

Folate antagonist, metabolized and excreted in the kidney, rescue with leucovorin, look for third spacing

71
Q

6-MP

A

Therapy for ALL, metabolized by TPMT, look for TPMT deficiency

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