OMG HOLY SHIT THIS IS A LOT

Question 1

Operon

Answer 1

Consists of many genes associated with a single promoter sequence

Question 2

Regulon

Answer 2

Multiple transcriptional units under the influence of a single regulatory molecule

Question 3

Topoisomerases

Answer 3

Enzymes that maintain DNA topology

Question 4

Processivity

Answer 4

The # of nucleotides added

Question 5

Topoisomerase 1

Answer 5

Relieves negative supercoiling

Question 6

Topoisomerase 2

Answer 6

Relieves Positive Supercoiling

Question 7

Tus

Answer 7

Terminus utilizing substance binds to a region on the terminator sequence and prevents DNA helicase from opening up the strand.

Question 8

How to resolve ringed structures often formed?

Answer 8

Catenanes are fixed by a type of Topoisomerease 2 or the joint activity of XerD and XerC site specific recombinases

Question 9

Four general characteristics of Plasmids

Answer 9

They can replicate on their own
Their size is relatively small
Generally dont code for essential genes, rather genes that provide a selective advantage
Double stranded and negatively supercoil

Question 10

How do RNA polymerases differ among the 3 kingdoms

Answer 10

All of the polymereases are made up of multiple subunits,.
Archaeal and Bacterial RNA polymerases transcribe all genes, while different Eukaryal RNA polymerases transcribe genes for mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
Different Promoter Locations
Different initiation factors that bind to the promoters-or DNA itself to initiate the activity of RNA polymerase

Question 11

Similarity of RNA poly of Arvhaea and Eukarya

Answer 11

RNA poly 2 has same promoter location, similar transcription factors, and a similar number of subunits

Question 12

Sigma 70 concensus Promoter Sequence

Answer 12

TTGACAT….TATAAT

Question 13

Photoreactivation

Answer 13

The enzyme, photolyase, recognizese pyrimidine dimers, forms a complex with the damaged DNA, and uses light energy at wavelenghts above 300 nm to break the cyclobutane linkage holding the pyrimidines together.

Question 14

Methyl Mismatch Repair

Answer 14

The protein MutS recognizes and binds to a segmentof DNA altered by transitions and transversions. This recruits two other proteins, MutH and MutL to form a complex. A segment of MutL binds to an upstream hemimethylated region of DNA to form a loop. MutH cleaves a phosphodiester bond at this location. DNA Poly 1 then uses its 5-3’ exonuclease ability to remove the segment of DNA downstream of this site, including the damaged DNA while simultaneously polymerizing a new strand to replace the damaged segment. Finally, DNA ligase closes the phosphodiester backbone.

Question 15

Base excision repair

Answer 15

A dna

Question 16

The enzyme that moves Transposable elements in and out of chromosomes and plasmids

Answer 16

Transposase

Question 17

3 ty[es pf transposable elements

Answer 17

Insertion Sequence Elements
Type 1 Transposons - Composite transposons
Type 2 Transposons - Complex or noncomposite transposons