Ok Flashcards
Strike
The way you strike the ground with your foot
Tend
1tend to do something
if something tends to happen, it happens often and is likely to happen again:
People tend to need less sleep as they get older.
My car tends to overheat in the summer.
2(alsotend to somebody/ something) [transitive] old-fashioned to look after someone or something:
Sofia was in the bedroom tending to her son.
راییدن: tend, join
میل کردن: tend, will
نگهداری کردن از: tend
وجه کردن: tend
پرستاری کردن: attend, minister, nurse,
Stride
He strode along the path; He strode off in anger.
گامهاي بلند برداشتن
♦ noun
a long step: He walked with long strides.
گام بلند
Noun
a long step you make while you are walking➔ pace:
Paco reached the door in only three strides.
2improvement[countable] an improvement in a situation or in the development of something:
Accompanying
He accompanied her to the door.
همراهی کردن
Accompanying caption
Pronator
Supinator
عضله‌ی درون گرداننده‌ی مچ و کف دست) مچ‌گردان،درون گردان
عضله) روچرخان،برون گردان
Inward
felt or experienced in your own mind but not expressed to other people
OPP outward
a feeling of inward satisfaction
inward panic
2towards the inside or centre of something
—inwardly adv:
his inward thoughts.
درونی
2 moving towards the inside: an inward curve in the coastline.
درون سوی
ˈinward, *ˈinwards
♦ adverb
towards the inside or the centre: When one of the eyes turns inwards, we call the effect a squint.
به طرف داخل
Heel
the curved back part of your foot ➔ toe 2of a shoe CLOTHES the raised part on the bottom of a shoe that makes the shoe higher at the back: black boots with high heels I have a blister on my heel. پاشنه پا 2 the part of a sock etc that covers this part of the foot: I have a hole in the heel of my sock. پاشنه جوراب 3 the part of a shoe, boot etc under or round the heel of the foot: The heel has come off this shoe. پاشنه كفش to put a heel on (a shoe etc ). پاشنه گذاشتن به
Barefoot
without shoes on your feet:
He walked barefoot across the sand.پابرهنه،بی کفش و جوراب،با پای برهنه
Suffer
to experience physical or mental pain:
At least he died suddenly and didn’t suffer.
She’s suffering a lot of pain.
suffer from
I’m suffering from a bad back.
Mary’s suffering from ill health at the moment.
Absorb
to take in liquid, gas, or another substance from the surface or space around something:
Plants absorb nutrients from the soil.
absorb something into something
Water and salts are absorbed into our blood stream.
2information to read or hear a large amount of new information and understand it:
Her capacity to absorb information is amazing.
The cloth absorbed the ink I had spilled.
جذب کردن
2 to take up the whole attention of (a person): He was completely absorbed in his book.
مجذوب کردن
abˈsorbent
♦ adjective
able to soak up: absorbent paper.
جذب کننده
abˈsorption [-ˈzoːp-]
♦ noun
.
مجذوبیت؛ ربایش
Further
cannot go any further.
فراتر
♦ adver,
♦ adjective
more; in addition: I cannot explain further; There is no further news.
بیشتر
♦ verb
to help (something) to proceed or go forward quickly: He furthered our plans.
به پیشرفت چیزی کمک کردن
ˌfurtherˈmore [-ˈmoː]
♦ adverb
in addition (to what has been said): Furthermore, I should like to point out.
علاوه بر این
more, or to a greater degree:
A spokesman declined to comment until the evidence could be studied further.
The flavour of the wine is further improved during the aging period.
Clear cut
easy to understand or be certain about
SYN definite
There is not always a clear-cut distinction between right and wrong.
روشن و صريح
Urge
Verb 1to strongly suggest that someone does something:
urge somebody to do something
I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.
urge that
He urged that a referendum should be held by December.
Noun
strong wish or need
SYN desire:
urge to do something
He could no longer resist the urge to go and see Amanda.
Suddenly she had an overwhelming urge to be with her son.
He urged her to drive carefully; `Come with me,’ he urged.
خواستار شدن
2 to try to convince a person of (eg the importance of, or necessity for, some action): He urged (on them) the necessity for speed.
تاکید کردن
♦ noun
a strong impulse or desire: I felt an urge to hit him.
تمایل شدید
urge on
to drive or try to persuade (a person etc ) to go on or forwards: He urged himself on in spite of his weariness.
ترغیب کردن
Rush
He rushed into the room; She rushed him to the doctor.
شتابیدن؛ با عجله آمدن؛ رفتن
♦ noun 1 a sudden quick movement: They made a rush for the door. ازدحام 2 a hurry: I'm in a dreadful rush. عجله؛ شتاب
Persistent
continuing to exist or happen, especially for longer than is usual or desirable:
persistent rumours
persistent headaches
a persistent problem
persistent rain
2continuing to do something, although this is difficult, or other people warn you not to do it:
If she hadn’t been so persistent she might not have gotten the job.
persistent efforts
persistent
مداوم: continuous, ongoing, continuing, steady, persistent, unremitting
مقاوم: resistant, resisting, refractory, persistent, insistent, opposing
ماندگار: persistent, indelible, immanent, continuous, constant, perdurable
مزمن: chronic, persistent
Precautions
They took every precaution to ensure that their journey would be safe and enjoyable. احتیاط preˈcautionary ♦ adjective . احتیاطی
something you do in order to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening:
Fire precautions were neglected.
as a precaution
The traffic barriers were put there as a safety precaution.
precaution against
Save your work often as a precaution against computer failure.
wise/ sensible precaution
The trails are well marked, but carrying a map is a wise precaution.
Vets took precautions to prevent the spread of the disease.
Heal
alsoheal up) if a wound or a broken bone heals or is healed, the flesh, skin, or bone grows back together and becomes healthy again:
It took three months for my arm to heal properly.
2to make someone who is ill become healthy again, especially by using natural powers or prayer➔ cure:
a preacher who claims that he can heal the sick
3to become mentally or emotionally strong again after a bad experience, or to help someone to do this:
The trauma of divorce can often be healed by successful remarriage
That scratch will heal (up) in a couple of days; this ointment will soon heal your cuts.
شفا دادن
ˈhealer
♦ noun
a person or thing that heals: Time is the great healer.
شفا دهنده
Gain
Get
to obtain or achieve something you want or need:
gain control/ power
Radical left-wing parties gained control of local authorities.
After gaining independence in 1957, it was renamed ‘Ghana’.
gain a degree/ qualification etc
He gained a doctorate in Chemical Engineering.
Strength
the physical power and energy that makes someone strong
OPP weakness
have/ find the strength to do something
She didn’t even have the strength to stand up.
I’m trying to build up my strength.
Jo hit him with all her strength.
He never ceased to be amazed by her physical strength.
ستحکام: strength, stability, rigidity, fortification, solidity, resistance
قوت: strength, intensity, food, emphasis, bread, nutrition
توانایی: ability, capability, strength, might, potency, energy
نیرو: force, power
Dying
a dying man
مرد در حال مرگ
● مردنی
● در حال زوال،روبه نیستی،روبه افول
a dying fire
آتش رو به خاموشی
the dying day
روز در حال اتمام
during the last minutes, seconds etc before something ends:
Chandler’s goal was in the dying minutes of the game.
2[only before noun]happening just before someone dies:
It was her dying wish to have a simple burial.
3to your dying day
for the rest of your life:
He regretted the decision to his dying day.
Foresee
to think or know that something is going to happen in the future➔ predict:
I’ve put your name on the list and I don’t foresee any problems.
The disaster could not have been foreseen.
foresee that
Few analysts foresaw that oil prices would rise so steeply.
foresee what/how etc
No one foresaw what he was planning.
He could foresee the difficulties. پیش بینی کردن foreˈseeable ♦ adjective able to be foreseen: in the foreseeable future (= soon; within a short space of time). قابل پیش بینی ˈforesight [-sӕit] ♦ noun the ability to see in advance what may happen and to plan for it: She had the foresight to drive carefully in case the roads were icy. پیش بینی؛ احتیاط
Forefront
1be at/ in/ to the forefront (of something)
to be in a leading position in an important activity that is trying to achieve something or develop new ideas:
The company has always been at the forefront of science and technology.
Prison conditions have been pushed to the forefront of public debate.
in the forefront of the battle.
جلوتر از همه
Forewarn
1to warn someone about something dangerous, unpleasant, or unexpected before it happens:
forewarn somebody of/about something
We’d been forewarned of the dangers of travelling at night.
2forewarned is forearmed
used to say that it is better to know about something before it happens, so that you can be prepared for it
—forewarning noun[uncountable and c
forewarn
از پیش اخطار کردن: forewarn
قبلا اگاهانیدن: foretoken, forewarn
Foreboding
a strong feeling that something bad is going to happen soon:
She waited for news with a grim sense of foreboding.
He has a strange foreboding that he will die young.
احساس نگرانی
Foreground
it: a landscape, with two horses in the foreground.
پیش نما
1the foreground
the part of the view in a picture or a photograph that is closest to you when you are looking at it
OPP background
There were three figures in the foreground.
2be in the foreground
to be regarded as important and receive a lot of attention:
Education has been very much in the foreground recently.
Grip
Noun
the way you hold something tightly, or your ability to do this:
Hold the microphone in a firm grip and keep it still.
She felt her wrist caught in a vice-like grip.
Don’t loosen your grip on the rope or you’ll fall.
He released his grip and stepped back.
Verb
to hold something very tightly:
I gripped the rail and tried not to look down.
grip something tightly/ firmly
The woman moved closer to Beth, gripping her arm tightly.
He gripped his stick; The speaker gripped (the attention of) his audience.
محکم گرفتن
♦ noun
1 a firm hold: He had a firm grip on his stick; He has a very strong grip; in the grip of the storm.
گرفتگی سخت؛ زور پنجه قوی
2 a bag used by travellers: He carried his sports equipment in a large grip.
چمدان
3 understanding: He has a good grip of the subject.
فهم
ˈgripping
♦ adjective
which holds the attention: a gripping story.
گیرا
Index
an alphabetical list of names, subjects etc eg at the end of a book.
فهرست راهنما
2 (plural indices [ˈindisiːz]) in mathematics the figure which indicates the number of times a figure etc must be multiplied by itself etc : In 63 and 75, the figures 3 and 5 are the indices.
توان؛ ضریب
index finger
the finger next to the thumb: She pointed at the map with her index finger.
انگشت سبابه
index فهرست کردن: list, catalog, index, catalogue index of industrial production شاخص فرورد (تولید) صنعتی the cost-of-living index شاخص هزینه‌ی زندگی
Composition
the compositon of songs requires talent and experience
تصنیف ترانه نیاز به استعداد و تجربه دارد.
a composition for a string quartet
قطعه‌ی موسیقی برای چهار نوازنده‌ی زهی
the way in which something is made up of different parts, things, or members➔ compose:
composition of
The composition of the group that is studied depends on the interests of the researcher.
Some minerals have complex chemical compositions.
2music/writing
a)[countable]WORK THAT SOMEBODY DOES
a piece of music, a poem, or a piece of writing
➔ compose, composer:
a composition by jazzman Dave Brubeck, called ‘Chromatic Fantasy’
a mixture of traditional songs and original compositions
Resistance
resistance
مقاومت: resistance, resistor, opposition, persistence, insistence
مخالفت: opposition, objection, disagreement, resistance, defiance, antagonism
ایستادگی: resistance, persistence, abidance
پایداری: stability, resistance, durability, endurance, constancy, stableness
استحکام: strength, stability, rigidity,
a refusal to accept new ideas or changes:
resistance to
people’s resistance to change
resistance from
The no-smoking policy was introduced with little resistance from staff.
2fighting[singular, uncountable]
DEFENCE
fighting against someone who is attacking you:
Exposure
when someone is in a situation where they are not protected from something dangerous or unpleasant:
exposure to
Prolonged exposure to the sun can cause skin cancer.
2truth[uncountable] the action of showing the truth about someone or something, especially when it is bad:
exposure of
the exposure of his underground political activity
exposure as
her fear of exposure as a spy
exposure to radiation is dangerous
قرار گرفتن در معرض تشعشع (تابش) خطرناک است.
exposure to the sun had bleached her hair
تماس با آفتاب مویش را کم‌رنگ کرده بود.
these students are receiving maximum exposure to new ideas
این دانشجویان بیشترین تماس را با عقاید جدید دارند.
Astronaut
فضانورد: astronaut, spaceman
مسافر فضایی: spaceman, astronaut
Adaptation
a film or television programme that is based on a book or play:
adaptation of
the BBC adaptation of the best-selling book
television/ film/ stage etc adaptation
He’s working on a screen adaptation of his latest novel.
2[uncountable] formalthe process of changing something to make it suitable for a new situation:
adaptation to
adaptation to the environment
انطباق: conformity, adaptation, coincidence, synchrony, synchronism, parallax
اقتباس: adaptation, adoption, derivation, quotation
تطبیق: adjustment, match, adaptation, comparison, accommodation, conformation
Cosmonaut
cosmonaut
کیهان نورد: cosmonaut
فضانورد به روسي
Long lasting
continuing for a long time
OPP short-lived
The impact of divorce on children can be long-lasting.
long-lasting effect/ result
Nausea
after eating raw fish, I was overcome by nausea
پس از خوردن ماهی خام دچار تهوع شدم.
● تنفر،چندش،بیزاری
the feeling that you have when you think you are going to vomit (=bring food up from your stomach through your mouth)
SYN sickness:
feeling/ wave of nausea
A feeling of nausea suddenly came over me.
End up
be in a particular situation, state, or place after a series of events, especially when you did not plan it:
He came round for a coffee and we ended up having a meal together.
I wondered where the pictures would end up after the auction.
end up doing something
Most slimmers end up putting weight back on.
end up with
Anyone who swims in the river could end up with a nasty stomach upset.
end up as
He could end up as President.
end up like
I don’t want to end up like my parents.
Extend
to continue for a longer period of time, or to make something last longer:
Management have agreed to extend the deadline.
extend for/ into/ over etc
Some of our courses extend over two years.
extend something for/by/until something
The government has extended the ban on the import of beef until June.
2area/distance[intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to continue for a particular distance or over a particular area:
extend across/over/through etc
The River Nile extends as far south as Lake Victoria.
the Iranian Empire extended over a large area
امپراطوری ایران نواحی بزرگی را در بر می گرفت.
the street now extends three kilometers beyond the station
خیابان اکنون تا سه کیلومتر فراتر از ایستگاه ادامه دارد.
he extended his arm toward me
او دست خود را به سوی من دراز کرد.
corruption had extended into every aspect of their lives
فساد به کلیه‌ی جنبه‌های زندگی آنها رخنه کرده بود.
they are going to extend the airport’s runways
خیال دارند باندهای فرودگاه را طولانی‌تر کنند.
her visa was extended
ویزای او تمدید شد.
exercise can extend one’s life
ورزش می تواند عمر را طولانی کند.
Darius extended the country’s frontiers
داریوش مرزهای کشور را بسط داد.
the Congress extended the law to cover all states
کنگره آن قانون را به کلیه‌ی ایالات تعمیم داد.
● (دعوت و غیره) کردن
the invitation she had extended was accepted
دعوتی که کرده بود مورد پذیرش قرار گرفت.
● بیرون زدن
chalk boulders extending from the cliffs
سنگ‌های گچی که از میان صخره‌ها سر برافراشته بود
Bulging
to stick out in a rounded shape, especially because something is very full or too tight:
bulge with
His pockets were bulging with candy.
He fell heavily to the floor, his eyes bulging wide with fear.
a swelling: the bulge of her hips.
برآمدگی
♦ verb
to swell out: His muscles bulged.
برآمده شدن
Duration
the length of time that something continues:
The course is of three years’ duration.
for the duration (of something)
The package includes cycle hire for the duration of your holiday.
\: We all had to stay indoors for the duration of the storm. مدت his stay was of short duration اقامت او کوتاه مدت بود. of what duration? در طول چه مدتی؟ for the duration of his life برای همه‌ی عمرش
Rely
rely on/ upon somebody/ something
phrasal verb
1to trust or depend on someone or something to do what you need or expect them to do➔ reliable, reliance:
I knew I could rely on David.
rely on somebody/something to do something
Many working women rely on relatives to help take care of their children.
rely for
Many people now rely on the Internet for news.
2to depend on something in order to continue to live or exist:
For its income, the company relies heavily on only a few contracts.
rely for
They have to rely on the river for their water.
The people on the island relied on the supplies that were brought from the mainland; I am relying on you to help me.
متی بودن؛ وابسته بودن
Can he rely on him to keep a secret?; He can be relied on; That is what will probably happen, but we can’t rely on it.
اعتماد کردن
Is he reliable?; Is this information reliable?
قابل اطمینان
reˌliaˈbility ♦ noun . اعتبار؛ قابلیت اطمینان reˈliably [-ˈlai-] ♦ adverb from a reliable source; by a reliable person: I am reliably informed that the Prime Minister is going to resign. به طور قابل اعتماد reˈliance [-ˈlai-] ♦ noun a country's reliance on aid from other countries; a child's reliance on its mother. اعتماد؛ دلگرمی reˈliant ♦ adjective . متکی؛ اعتماد کننده
Atrophy
a part of the body atrophies or is atrophied, it becomes weak because of lack of use or lack of blood:
therapy to prevent the leg muscles from atrophying
—atrophy noun
muscles that are not used will atrophy
عضلاتی که به‌کار گرفته نمی‌شوند کوچک و ضعیف می‌شوند.
many rural communities have atrophied
بسیاری از جوامع روستایی از رونق افتاده‌اند.
Expose
1 to uncover; to leave unprotected from (eg weather, danger, observation etc ): Paintings should not be exposed to direct sunlight; Don’t expose children to danger.
در معرض قرار دادن؛ بی پناه کردن
2 to discover and make known (eg criminals or their activities): It was a newspaper that exposed his spying activities.
افشا کردن؛ آشکار کردن
3 by releasing the camera shutter, to allow light to fall on (a photographic film).
نور دادن؛ در معرض نور قرار دادن
exˈposure [-ʒə]
♦ noun
1 (an) act of exposing or state of being exposed: Prolonged exposure of the skin to hot sun can be harmful.
قرارگیری در معرض چیزی
2 one frame of a photographic film etc : I have two exposures left.
قاب فیلم
to show something that is usually covered or hidden:
He lifted his T-shirt to expose a jagged scar across his chest.
expose something to something
Potatoes turn green when exposed to light.
2to something dangerous to put someone in a situation where they are not protected from something dangerous or unpleasant:
expose somebody to something
The report revealed that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation.
expose yourself to ridicule/ criticism etc
(=say or do something that may make people laugh at you, criticize you etc)
3tell the truth to show the truth about someone or something, especially when it is bad:
The film exposes the utter horror of war.
The report exposes the weaknesses of modern medical practice.
Exposed
1not protected from the weather
OPP sheltered
an exposed coastline
the side of the garden most exposed to wind
2not covered:
All exposed skin should be covered with protective cream.
3not protected from attack
SYN vulnerable
The old fort was very exposed.
These developments leave the British government in an exposed position.
