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RD Second half Semester > Occlusion I > Flashcards

Occlusion I Flashcards

1
Q

Why is occlusion important?

A

we must understand the biomechanics and physiology of occlusion function to recognize disfunction

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2
Q

what is the definition of occlusion?

A

The dynamic morphological and physiologic relationships among all components of the masticatory system including the neuro-musculature, TMJs and teeth.

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3
Q

Why is occlusion important?

A

-essential to both general and dental health
-mastication
-speech
-aesthetics

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4
Q

what is Maximum Intercuspal Position (MIP)?

A

The complete intercuspation of the opposing teeth independent of condylar position

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5
Q

what is centric occlusion?

A

physiologic position of the condyle-disc assemblies that occurs naturally when the masticatory musculature functions in a coordinated manner

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6
Q

An important principle in prosthodontics is that until the position and condition of the ______ are precisely determined, an accurate maxillomandibular relationship cannot be verified

A

TMJ

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7
Q

what is centric relation?

A

the position of the jaw when the muscles are maximally contracted, and it’s independent of the position of the teeth

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8
Q

what is the most important thing to understand about centric relation?

A

it should be a posterior position that is unstrained and repeatable.
(We can help guide a patient but should never force the mandible in a posterior direction)

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9
Q

what can cause the mandible to take a protrusive posture?

A

loss or wear of mandibular teeth

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10
Q

When teeth interfere with centric relation and/or maximal
intercuspation they may then be subject to ______

A

overload

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11
Q

Along with arch configuration, tooth _____ and _____ will play
an important role in in the patient’s esthetics, phonetics,
functional mastication

A

size and shape

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12
Q

The maxillary posterior teeth have a horizontal overlap on the _______ aspect, while the mandibular posterior teeth have a horizontal overlap on the _____ aspect.

A

buccal, lingual

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13
Q

why is adequate horizontal overlap of max/mand teeth important?

A

Adequate horizontal overlap of each reduces the potential for cheek and tongue biting

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14
Q

The occlusal plane is generally elevated ________
relative to the natural horizontal plane (when the patient is
standing) by approximately 8 to 10 degrees.

A

antero-posteriorly
(slopes slightly upwards from the front to the back of the mouth)

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15
Q

The _____ incisors will usually overlap the _____ teeth both horizontally and vertically, approximately 2 to 3 mm, thus forming the incisal guidance.

A

maxillary, mandibular

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16
Q

The degree of
horizontal and vertical overlap determines what?

A

the incisal guidance angle.

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17
Q

what is the plane of occlusion?

A

imaginary line that theoretically touches the incisal and occluding edges of a teeth

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18
Q

is the plane of occlusion usually flat?

A

no, curved allowing simultaneous contract in more than one area of arch

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19
Q

what is the vertical dimension of occlusion?

A

The distance between two selected anatomic or marked
points when mouth clenched closed

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20
Q

what is Rest Vertical Dimension (RVD)?

A

distance when mouth at rest, teeth usually not touching

21
Q

what is interocclusal distance?

A

The distance between the occluding surfaces of the
maxillary and mandibular teeth when the mandible is in a
specified position

22
Q

what is Interocclusal Rest Distance (IRP)?

A

the difference between the rest vertical dimension and the
occlusal vertical dimension

23
Q

how can you calculate Interocclusal Rest Distance?

A

RVD – OVD = IRD

24
Q

Teeth normally do not conform to a ____ plane

A

flat

25
Q

what is the curve of spee?

A

when viewed from the lateral aspect the incisal and cusp edges follow a curve which curves
upwards from anterior to posterior

26
Q

what is monsons/Wilson’s curve?

A

when viewed from the coronal plane there is a curve in the posterior region which is concave and the cusps of the right and left side teeth lie on this curve

27
Q

see sides for a good image of curve of spee and wilson

A

ok

28
Q

what is the significance of curve of spee?

A

This anterior-posterior curve results in the alignment of each tooth for the maximum resistance to the functional
loading

29
Q

what is the Significance of Curve of Wilson?

A
  • The axial inclination of the posterior teeth is nearly parallel
    with the inward pull of the lateral pterygoid muscles.
  • When the teeth are aligned with the principle direction of
    the muscle contraction, it produces the greatest resistance
    to masticatory forces.
30
Q

what is CLASS I occlusion?

A

-Profile of skeletal class I is normal
-MB cusp of max 1 PM is direct over mand 1 PM
-IncisaI edge of max teeth are IabiaI to insisaI edge of mand teeth
-mand insicor occIude with or beow paIataI surface of max incisor

31
Q

What are the components of occlusion?

A
  • TMJ
  • Muscles of mastication
  • Teeth
  • Nerves
  • Muscles, ligaments and bones which affect position of mandible
32
Q

Occlusion has been described as a tripod where:

A
  • The TMJs are the posterior apices
  • The teeth are the anterior apex
33
Q

What kind of joint is TMJ?

A

bilateral synovial diarthrosis-ginglymoid joint

34
Q

The disc is also attached to the
condyle medially and laterally by

A

the collateral ligaments

35
Q

The anterior portion of articuIar disc attaches to ______ and _______

A

the joint capsule and the superior head of the lateral pterygoid

36
Q

The posterior portion of articuIar disc attaches to the _______ and is referred to as the retrodiscal tissue.

A

mandibular fossa

37
Q

what is the TMJ Capsule?

A

The capsule is a fibrous membrane that surrounds the joint and attaches to the articular
eminence, the articular disc and the neck of the mandibular condyle

38
Q

What limits TMJ movement?

A

TMJ movement is limited by the
the fibrous capsule and the boney limits of the glenoid fossa

39
Q

what is unique about retrodiscaI tissue?

A

vascular and highly innervated (unlike the disc itself)

40
Q

What is the Transverse Horizontal Axis or Hinge Axis?

A

imaginary line around which the mandible may rotate
within the sagittal plane

41
Q

what are the muscles of mastication?

A

o Masseter
o Temporalis
o Medial Pterygoid (internal
pterygoid)
o Lateral Pterygoid (external
pterygoid

42
Q

what are the accessory muscles of mastication?

A

1) Buccinator
2) Digastric
3) Mylohyoid.
4) Geniohyoid

43
Q

what are the actions of the masseter muscles?

A

o Elevation of the mandible.
o Protraction of mandible (by superficial fibers).
o Retraction of mandible (by deep fibers).

44
Q

what is the actions of the temporalis muscle?

A

o Elevation of mandible
o Retrusion (pull back) of the mandible (by posterior fibers).

45
Q

because of the sliding component of the joint,
the opening of the jaw must be assisted by the ________ muscle which pulls the condyle forward

A

lateral pterygoid

46
Q

what do the MEDIAL PTERYGOID MUSCLES do?

A

o Elevation of mandible (closing of mouth).
o Protrusion of mandible (along with lateral pterygoid).
o Side to side movements of mandible (chewing) (lateral
and medial pterygoid muscles of two sides contract alternately)

47
Q

what do LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLES do?

A

o Depression of mandible (opening of mouth).
o Protrusion of mandible (along with medial pterygoid)
o Side to side movements of mandible (chewing) (lateral and medial pterygoid
muscles of two sides contract alternately)

48
Q

Unilateral contraction of the lateral pterygoid will produce a movement of the jaw where?

A

to the opposite side

49
Q

Bilateral contraction of the lateral pterygoids will produce a _____

A

protrusion of the jaw

RD Second half Semester (5 decks)

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