Obstacles Flashcards
In which city were Nap III’s troops (refused to withdraw them)?
Rome
In late 1860 which states did Napoleon demand be returned/given to papal power for the French to leave Rome, and what was VE’s response?
Umbria and the Marches, Abruzzi, unacceptable to VE
At which convention did Nap agree to leave Rome for Capital moving from Turin to Florence?
September convention 1864
After Minghetti agreed to Nap’s demands what happened?
23 died in rioting in Turin. VE sacked Minghetti.
Who supported Austria’s position and why?
Great powers, maintain balance of power in Europe.
Who did Cavour try and contact to start an uprising?
Hungarian revolutionary leaders
Why did Austria’s position weaken?
Increased power of Prussia, free trade treaty with France in 1862 excluding Austria.
How many members of parliament and size of electorate?
443, 150000
Who mostly made up government and who were electorate/what percentage did they make up?
Piedmontese nobility and educated middle class, literate male northern taxpayers, 2%
What title did VE keep?
“The second” rather than VE1 of Italy
Who tried to stab VE?
Farini
What political improvements were made?
Civil law code across all of Italy from 1865, unified army and navy, schools and universities under state control
What fraction of land did Pope lose to new kingdom?
2/3
Give an example of fractious cohabitation.
1858 Margotti argued catholics should be ‘neither electors nor elected’
What was Popes response to creation of new state?
Syllabus of Errors, Rejected tolerance for other religions, criticised liberalism,socialism,nationalism and communism.
In 1869 what was agreed?
Dogma of papal infallibility
What did Pope do in 1870 following annexation of Rome?
Declared himself prisoner in the Vatican
Problems with plebiscites.
Corrupt- in Nice “no” slips not brought to voting stations. People voted against tyranny not for unification. Were people voting for federal or centralised Italy!
What did Sicily and Naples have?
Long history of regional autonomy, this was violated by Cavour’s decision to crush opposition.
What made Cavour order Farina to crush opposition?
October 1860 uprising by bourbon agents, leading 1000s of peasants against the Pro Garibaldi national guards.
How was legal system of Naples changed?
53 decrees in just 2 days, February 1861
Describe Piedmontisation.
Divided kingdom into 53 provinces governed by a prefect. Customs, coinage, weights and measures standardised. In theory, Piedmontese constitution became the Italian one
Major drawbacks of piedmontisation.
Ignorance of regional affairs - Cavour never travelled past Tuscany.
How many monasteries and convents dissolved to pay for education?
2382
Where else was Piedmontisation unpopular?
Lombardy, no independent legal/education system- introduced by la Mamora by emergency decree.
After introduction of conscription how many fled to hills in 1861?
25000
How many troops engaged in peace keeping by 1863?
90000
Who made up the brigands?
Unemployed, disillusioned and 10000 convicts
New government increased taxes to pay for what?
2.5 billion lire war debt
