Obstacles Flashcards

1
Q

In which city were Nap III’s troops (refused to withdraw them)?

A

Rome

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2
Q

In late 1860 which states did Napoleon demand be returned/given to papal power for the French to leave Rome, and what was VE’s response?

A

Umbria and the Marches, Abruzzi, unacceptable to VE

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3
Q

At which convention did Nap agree to leave Rome for Capital moving from Turin to Florence?

A

September convention 1864

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4
Q

After Minghetti agreed to Nap’s demands what happened?

A

23 died in rioting in Turin. VE sacked Minghetti.

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5
Q

Who supported Austria’s position and why?

A

Great powers, maintain balance of power in Europe.

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6
Q

Who did Cavour try and contact to start an uprising?

A

Hungarian revolutionary leaders

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7
Q

Why did Austria’s position weaken?

A

Increased power of Prussia, free trade treaty with France in 1862 excluding Austria.

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8
Q

How many members of parliament and size of electorate?

A

443, 150000

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9
Q

Who mostly made up government and who were electorate/what percentage did they make up?

A

Piedmontese nobility and educated middle class, literate male northern taxpayers, 2%

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10
Q

What title did VE keep?

A

“The second” rather than VE1 of Italy

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11
Q

Who tried to stab VE?

A

Farini

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12
Q

What political improvements were made?

A

Civil law code across all of Italy from 1865, unified army and navy, schools and universities under state control

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13
Q

What fraction of land did Pope lose to new kingdom?

A

2/3

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14
Q

Give an example of fractious cohabitation.

A

1858 Margotti argued catholics should be ‘neither electors nor elected’

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15
Q

What was Popes response to creation of new state?

A

Syllabus of Errors, Rejected tolerance for other religions, criticised liberalism,socialism,nationalism and communism.

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16
Q

In 1869 what was agreed?

A

Dogma of papal infallibility

17
Q

What did Pope do in 1870 following annexation of Rome?

A

Declared himself prisoner in the Vatican

18
Q

Problems with plebiscites.

A

Corrupt- in Nice “no” slips not brought to voting stations. People voted against tyranny not for unification. Were people voting for federal or centralised Italy!

19
Q

What did Sicily and Naples have?

A

Long history of regional autonomy, this was violated by Cavour’s decision to crush opposition.

20
Q

What made Cavour order Farina to crush opposition?

A

October 1860 uprising by bourbon agents, leading 1000s of peasants against the Pro Garibaldi national guards.

21
Q

How was legal system of Naples changed?

A

53 decrees in just 2 days, February 1861

22
Q

Describe Piedmontisation.

A

Divided kingdom into 53 provinces governed by a prefect. Customs, coinage, weights and measures standardised. In theory, Piedmontese constitution became the Italian one

23
Q

Major drawbacks of piedmontisation.

A

Ignorance of regional affairs - Cavour never travelled past Tuscany.

24
Q

How many monasteries and convents dissolved to pay for education?

A

2382

25
Q

Where else was Piedmontisation unpopular?

A

Lombardy, no independent legal/education system- introduced by la Mamora by emergency decree.

26
Q

After introduction of conscription how many fled to hills in 1861?

A

25000

27
Q

How many troops engaged in peace keeping by 1863?

A

90000

28
Q

Who made up the brigands?

A

Unemployed, disillusioned and 10000 convicts

29
Q

New government increased taxes to pay for what?

A

2.5 billion lire war debt