Nucleic acids Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What do nucleic acids consist of?

A

A nitrogenous base, a phosphate and a sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is the phosphate attached to the sugar?

A

A phosphoester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

A
Ribose = OH on Carbon 2
Deoxyribose= H on Carbon 2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the structure of a purine?

A

Double ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the bases are purine?

A

Adenine and Guanine (pure agony)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the structure of pyrimidines?

A

Single ring structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the bases are pyrimidine?

A

Cytosine thymine and uracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are phosphates linked to deoxyribose sugars by?

A

Phosphodiester bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which carbons does the phosphodiester bond form between?

A

3’-5’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the bases in each pair linked by?

A

Hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the name given to describe the two chains which run in opposite directions?

A

Antiparallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many hydrogen bonds exist between Guanine and cytosine?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many hydrogen bonds exist between adenine and thymine?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can mRNA form base pairs

A

By looping back on itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many regions does tRNA have where base pairing is possible?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do polymerase enzymes add nucleotides to

A

The 3’ end of a nucleotide

17
Q

What shape is formed during DNA replication?

A

A replication fork

18
Q

What direction is the leading strand competed in?

A

The 5’ to 3’ direction

19
Q

What does replication begin with?

A

An RNA primer (replaced with DNA later)

20
Q

What does DNA polymerase do with respect to the primer?

A

Adds a new DNA nucleotide to the 3’ end and so starts to build the new DNA chain

21
Q

What happens to the free nucleotides?

A

DNA polymerase matches them to their complementary bases on the template strand of DNA

22
Q

What does DNA polymerase catalyse?

A

The formation of phosphodiester bonds between the end of the growing strand and the new nucleotides.

23
Q

How is the phosphodiester bond formed?

A

When the OH of the 5’ phosphate and the OH of the 3’ deoxyribose are involved in a condensation reaction.

24
Q

What is the lagging strand made in?

A

Short 5’-3’ fragments

25
Q

What does DNA ligase do?

A

Links the 5’ to 3’ fragments of the lagging strand together by catalysing the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotides at the end of the fragments