NRPS and Ribosomal Flashcards
NRPs SM (Penicillin) most abundant type?
P. chrysogenum
What type of penicillin is n surface cultures?
P. notatum
Penicillin biosynthesis involves?
aminoadipate, cysteine and valine to produce b-lactam antibiotics
NRPs SM (Cyclosporine) consists of?
11 amino acid cyclic NRP with D- amino acid
Cyclosporine is produced by?
Tolpocladium inflatum
Cyclosporine is what type of agent?
An immunosupressive agent
How does cyclosporine help in preventing transplant rejection?
Capsule and solution form
Cyclosporine affect on immune system?
It influences T cells of the immune system, prevents their secretion of interleukin-2, therefore it reduces their activation
NRPs SM (Gliotoxin) is what type of toxin?
Epipolythiodioxopiperazine toxin
What does gliotoxin do?
It is an antibiotic and immunosuppressive mycotoxin causes apoptosis in immune system cells
What is gliotoxin produced by?
Many fungi including Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma, and penicillium ssp
Gliotoxin has an essential component?
Disulphide bridge
What are gliotoxins toxicity mechanisms in host cells?
- Direct inactivation of essential protein thiols
- Inhibits NADPH oxidase complex formation in neutrophils
- Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, H2O2
What cells are targeted by gliotoxin?
Macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils
NRPSs SM (a-Amanitin) exception consists of?
Cyclic 8 amino acid peptide with D- amino acids
