NREMT Flashcards
You are assessing an 84 year old man. Upon auscultation of the lungs you discover crackles or rale sounds. He is complaining of chest pain and congestion. These signs and symptoms can indicate?
Left Ventricular Failure
Fluid begins to back up into the lungs
A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) will usually stop after:
10-15 minutes
A patient with ________ would be throwing up blood that looks like coffee grounds, while a patient with ______ would be throwing up bright red blood.
- A GI Bleed
2. Esophageal Veracies
You have requested helicopter transportation of a critical burn patient. The remote nature of the accident will force the helicopter to land on an incline. From which direction should you approach the helicopter?
The downhill side
You are called to a home where a 91 year old man has had a syncopal episode and is vomiting. The caregiver who called 911 stated that the patient’s bowel movements have been bright red since yesterday. The patient has not complained of any pain, but is nauseated. What is most likely wrong with this man and which choice includes appropriate treatment steps?
He has a lower GI bleed and should be given O2 via nasal cannula at 4LPM and transported in a position of comfort while treating for shock
Rationale: The bright red blood in the bowel movements is indicative of a lower GI bleed. Answer 1,2, and 3 all utilize an NRB to deliver high flow O2. Given that the patient is vomiting and nauseated, it would be advisable to use a nasal cannula, rather than an NRB, to help avoid potential airway compromise if the patient continues to vomit.
You arrive on scene with your partner Elija to a multiple vehicle accident where you are the 2nd ambulance to arrive. Scene size up indicates there are 7 patients in 3 cars all requiring extrication. In the first car is a 27 year old woman who is 32 weeks pregnant, conscious, and crying, a 12 year old girl who is screaming and complaining of back pain, and an 8 year old boy who has a facial laceration and open fracture of the tibia who is also conscious but breathing very shallow. In the second car is an 86 year old man who is slumped against the steering wheel with no pulse and has a piece of metal impaled through his head. In the third car are 3 teenagers 17 years of age. The two in the front seat are complaining of neck pain and appear to have an altered level of consciousness. Neither of them were wearing a seatbelt and both have contusions on their foreheads. In the back seat is the last occupant, a girl who said she was having a seizure and vomiting earlier so her friends were taking her to the hospital. She was wearing her seat belt and has no sign of injury. Who should be receiving treatment first?
The 8 year old boy
Rationale: The 86 year old man shows signs that resuscitation would be futile. The eight year old boy has similar injuries to the other patients, but is the only one having breathing difficulties.
According to the current AHA Guidelines how many milliliters of tidal volume should you deliver via BVM to an adult patient who is apneic?
Just enough to give adequate chest rise
Your patient is a 41 year old female who was found lying prone in the kitchen. She does not appear to be conscious and there is a pool of saliva next to her head. You and your partner log roll her into a supine position while maintaining c-spine stabilization. Just as you get the woman rolled over her husband tells you that she has a previous history of heart attacks. What would be the most appropriate course of action to take next?
Do a jaw thrust to open her airway
Rationale: Although utilizing the AED may be an option, it would not be done prior to opening the patient’s airway.
Which space in the body will you find the pancreas?
Retroperitoneal space
Which of the following choices is a normal systolic blood pressure in a child?
80-110 mm Hg
You have just arrived on scene of a single vehicle accident involving a truck that has slid off the road and rolled. Your patient was driving about 40 MPH when he hit an icy spot and went off the road rolling the vehicle one time. After completing your scene size up, which of the following treatment choices would be the most appropriate?
Perform a rapid trauma assessment
You arrive on scene to find a man in his 20’s lying in a pool of vomit. You can see that he is breathing at about 16 breaths per minute and the depth of respiration is adequate. He has a small laceration on his forehead. You try getting a response by calling “Hey man can you hear me?” but he does not answer. Your partner gives him a quick sternal rub and his eyes pop open along with a whimper under his breath and then they close again. You ask him to perform several motor functions but he does not comply. He does not answer any of your questions. This man has a GCS of what?
4
Rationale: Opening the eyes for pain nets 2 points, no verbal response gets 1 point, and no motor response nets 1 point for a total of 4 points.
You are the first EMS unit on scene of a multiple casualty incident. A crane has fallen from a building roof top and ripped through an adjacent building. What should you do according to the ICS?
Take incident command until relieved or reassigned
Cellular respiration and cellular metabolism are best described as:
a. ) The exchange of respiratory gases between the systemic capillaries and the surrounding tissue beds
b. ) The use of oxygen and carbohydrates to produce energy and the creation of carbon dioxide and water by-products
c. ) The exchange of respiratory gases between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillary bed
d. ) The use of oxygen to create hemoglobin in the blood stream
B
Dispatch has called you to the scene of a U.S. mail truck that slid out of control on a dirt road and rolled over. Bystanders reported the truck has caught on fire and the driver is outside the truck trying to gather the dumped mail. As you arrive on scene the fire department is just getting the fire out and the driver of the truck is standing back watching the smoldering mess. You should:
Do a standing backboard technique on the driver
Assault is used to describe behavior that:
a. ) Causes fear of offensive physical contact
b. ) Attempts offensive physical contact
c. ) Is threatening
d. ) All of the above
D
Describe Cushing’s Phenomenon:
The intracranial pressure increases forcing the brain stem and the midbrain through the foramen magnum. This can be a fatal injury if it is allowed to continue, and can be treated by hyperventilating the patient via positive-pressure ventilations if local protocols allow.
Signs and symptoms of Cushing’s phenomenon include all of the following except:
a. ) Biot Respirations
b. ) Tachycardia
c. ) Central Neurogenic hyperventilation
d. ) Hypertension
B
The patient is a 6 year old girl whose mother says has been sick for a few days and then started having breathing problems this morning. Upon assessment, you notice the child is flaring her nostrils and has a hoarse voice when talking. What is she most likely suffering from and what should you do?
She could have epiglottitis and needs to be transported with high flow O2 on an NRB
Rationale: Epiglottitis is known to strike children in this age group. Croup is usually in younger children. Transporting with airway support is the best answer.
A train derailment has caused two tanker cars to explode and several others to begin leaking an unknown gas. The size of the affected area is large and crosses several county lines. According to NIMS, this type of MCI would benefit most from a:
Unified Command System
