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Bio Unit 6: DNA and RNA > Notes #1: DNA Structure > Flashcards

Notes #1: DNA Structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DNA stands for what?

A

D: Deoxyribose
N: Nucleic
A: Acid

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2
Q

What is the full name of DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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3
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

DNA is wound into chromosomes, in the nucleus of the cell.

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4
Q

Why do we have DNA?

A

DNA carries the genetic info, it is also the manual to make proteins for our body.

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5
Q

DNA is a polymer, what are its subunits?

A

DNA is a polymer, and the subunits of DNA are nucleotides.

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6
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A large molecule formed when many smaller molecules (subunits) bond together.

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7
Q

Nucleotides are play what role in DNA?

A

Subunits (building blocks) of DNA.

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8
Q

Nucleotides have 3 parts, what are these 3 parts?

A

-A simple sugar (deoxyribose)
-A phosphate group
-A nitrogenous base (a carbon ring structure)

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9
Q

What are nitrogenous bases?

A

Carbon rings that have nitrogen.

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10
Q

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?

A

-Adenine (A)
-Cytosine (C)
-Guanine (G)
-Thymine (T)

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11
Q

How many groups are nitrogenous bases broken into?

A

2 groups

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12
Q

There are 2 groups or nitrogenous bases present in DNA and RNA, and what are they?

A

GROUP 1:
Pyrimidine
Cytosine and Thymine (DNA only)
GROUP 2:
Purine
Adenine and guanine

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13
Q

DNA is like a ladder, what are the “steps” made of and what are the “sides/rails” made of?

A

The “sides” (rails of DNA) are made of a phosphate and a sugar backbone)
The “steps” are made from nitrogenous bases.

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14
Q

What forms a pattern in DNA?

A

The nitrogenous bases from a pattern.

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15
Q

Complementary base pairs are what?

A

Adenine is always bonded with Thymine (A-T)
Cytosine is always bonded with Guanine (C-G)

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16
Q

What are nitrogenous bases bonded together by?

A

Hydrogen bonds

17
Q

Hydrogen bonds what nitrogenous bases together?

A

-A to T with 2 hydrogen bonds
-C to G with 3 hydrogen bonds

18
Q

How is DNA shaped?

A

-DNA is twisted clockwise
-The 2 sides of DNA are antiparallel
- Wound into a double helix

19
Q

What is Chargaff’s Rule?

A

-The Adenine= the amount of Thymine (A-T)
-The Guanine= the amount of Cytosine (G-C)

20
Q

Does DNA vary in speices type?

A

It varies on the amount of A, T, C, and G present in the species

21
Q

Who discovered the shape of DNA?

A

Watson and Crick (1953)

22
Q

When Watson and Crick discovered the shape of DNA, whose discovery was it based on?

A

It was based on a X-ray diffraction image taken by Rosalind Franklin in 1951.

23
Q

What are the rules for when nitrogenous bases bond?

A

A always pairs with T
C always pairs with G

Bio Unit 6: DNA and RNA (1 decks)

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