Norm fxn- Embryology

Question 1

The laryngeal cartilage (NCC’s) and intramural ganglia arise from which germ layer?

Answer 1

Ectoderm

Question 2

The splanchnic mesodern and smotomeres arise from which germ layer?

Answer 2

Mesoderm

Question 3

What are the 2 things that the splanchnic mesoderm forms in the respiratory system?

Answer 3

Cartilages and smooth muscle of the airway

Question 4

What is the 1 thing that the somitomeres form in the respiratory system?

Answer 4

Skeletal muscle of the larynx

Question 5

The epithelial lining and glands arise from which germ layer?

Answer 5

Endoderm

Question 6

The 2 esophagotracheal ridges come together and make a septum that separates the trachea and esophagus at which week?

Answer 6

4th week

Question 7

Which pharyngeal arch is the cricothyroid m. from?

Answer 7

4th

Question 8

Which n. innervates the cricothyroid m?

Answer 8

Superior laryngeal n.

Question 9

All the laryngeal intrinsic musculature is innervated by which nerve from the 6th parhyngeal arch?

Answer 9

Vagus (X)

Question 10

During stage 1 of the lung formation, the lungs grow into the cavity and the what does the airway divide into?

Answer 10

Primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi.

Question 11

Stage 2 (pseudoglandular stage) has lung growth with mucous glands, and what other structure forms?

Answer 11

Terminal bronchioles

Question 12

Stage 3 (Canalicular stage) has the growth of respiratory bronchiles and alveolar ducts whcih allows what to happen?

Answer 12

Gas exchange

Question 13

Stage 4 (terminal sac stage) has the presence of which cells?

Answer 13

Alveolar cells (type I and II)

Question 14

Stage 5 (alveolar) happens until you’re 8 y/o because what happens?

Answer 14

Alvoli continue to mature and increase in # and size

Question 15

If the baby has an atresia or fistula, will there be polyhydraminos or oligohydraminos?

Answer 15

Polyhydraminos cuz the baby wont swallow the amniotic fluid

Question 16

What is the biggest Sx with a laryngotrachesophageal cleft?

Answer 16

Aphonia

Question 17

This is a blind pouch projecting from the trachea.

Answer 17

Tracheal diverticulum

Question 18

This is when the azygous creates a groove on the superior love of the lung.

Answer 18

Lobe of the azygous vein

Question 19

What dilates to cause congenital lung cysts?

Answer 19

Terminal bronchi

Question 20

This is when there is alveolar collapse during expiration due to insufficient surfactant.

Answer 20

Respiratory distress syndrome

Question 21

In respiratory distress syndrome, the detachment of the alveolar lining causes what morphology of the cells?

Answer 21

Desquamated cells, which look like hyaline cartilage

Question 22

This is when there are additional lobes of lung tissue arising from the trachea or esophagus.

Answer 22

Ectopic lung tissue

Question 23

This is when there is agenesis of 1 or both lungs.

Answer 23

Lung hypoplasia

Question 24

This is the condition where there is extra lung tissue at the base of the L lung and it receives blood from the systemic circulation.

Answer 24

Accessory lung.

Question 25

What is the VACTERL acronym which ius associated with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistulas?

Answer 25

V-vertebreal defects
A- anal atresia
C- cardiovascular anomalies
TE- tracheoesophageal fistula
R- renal defects, radial forearm anomalies
L- limb defects