No 1

Question 1

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

Answer 1

The primary function of the kidneys is to filter waste products from the blood and excrete them as urine.

Question 2

What is a nephron?

Answer 2

A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation.

Question 3

True or False: Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are the two main parts of a nephron?

Answer 4

The two main parts of a nephron are the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: The renal corpuscle consists of the ______ and the glomerulus.

Answer 5

Bowman’s capsule

Question 6

What is the role of the glomerulus?

Answer 6

The glomerulus filters blood to form urine.

Question 7

What is the function of the renal tubule?

Answer 7

The renal tubule reabsorbs water and essential substances from the filtrate and secretes waste products.

Question 8

Multiple Choice: Which part of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of water? A) Glomerulus B) Proximal convoluted tubule C) Loop of Henle D) Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 8

B) Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 9

What substances are primarily excreted in urine?

Answer 9

Urea, creatinine, uric acid, and excess salts.

Question 10

True or False: The Loop of Henle is involved in the concentration of urine.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What is the significance of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 11

The juxtaglomerular apparatus helps regulate blood pressure and the filtration rate of the glomerulus.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The ______ collects urine from multiple nephrons and channels it to the renal pelvis.

Answer 12

collecting duct

Question 13

What hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Answer 13

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 14

Multiple Choice: Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the secretion of potassium ions? A) Proximal convoluted tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct

Answer 14

C) Distal convoluted tubule

Question 15

What is the primary waste product of protein metabolism?

Answer 15

Urea

Question 16

True or False: Kidneys help regulate electrolyte balance in the body.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is the normal pH range of urine?

Answer 17

4.5 to 8.0

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The ______ artery supplies blood to the kidneys.

Answer 18

renal

Question 19

What is the main function of the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 19

The distal convoluted tubule is involved in the selective reabsorption and secretion of ions.

Question 20

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of urine? A) Water B) Urea C) Glucose D) Creatinine

Answer 20

C) Glucose

Question 21

What does GFR stand for in kidney function assessment?

Answer 21

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Question 22

True or False: The kidneys are responsible for the production of erythropoietin.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is the relationship between blood pressure and kidney function?

Answer 23

High blood pressure can damage the kidneys and impair their ability to filter blood.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the innermost layer of the kidney.

Answer 24

renal medulla

Question 25

What is the role of aldosterone in kidney function?

Answer 25

Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys.

Question 26

Multiple Choice: Which structure drains urine from the kidney to the bladder? A) Urethra B) Ureter C) Renal pelvis D) Collecting duct

Answer 26

B) Ureter