NM Adaptations Flashcards
What underpins hypertrophy?
Protein synthesis greater than protein degradation
Term for increase muscle fibre number
Hyperplasia
What transcriptional factor is activated by resistance training?
mTOR
Resistance training activates what type of cells?
Satellite cells (SC’s)
Where are satellite cells located?
Basal lamina (basement membrane of epithelial cells) secreted by epithelial cells
Define endurance training
Repetitive stimulation of muscles over an extended period of time, which is most often assessed by measuring VO2max
What are the most important antioxidase enzymes?
Supraoxide dismutase I in the cytosol
Supaoxide dismutase II in the mitochondria
Which enzymes break down hydrogen peroxide to water?
Catalyse and glutotioperoxiddase
Define muscle strength
The maximal force that a muscle (or muscle group) can generate, typically assessed by 1 rep max
What are initial improvements in strength due to?
Neural changes
What is the overload principle?
Systems or tissue must be exposed to a set of stimuli which is beyond the normally accustomed stimuli in order for a training effect to occur.
What is the specificity principle?
Training effects that are specific to the muscles involved, the fibres recruited, the principle energy systems involved, the velocity of contraction and the type of contraction.
What transcriptional factor is activated by endurance training?
PGC-1alpha - causes mitocondrial biogenesis
