Nitrogen Metabolism Part 2

Question 1

______ can synthesize all 20 common amino acids.

Answer 1

Plants and bacteria

Question 2

_______ can synthesize about half; the rest come from diet.

Answer 2

Mammals

Question 3

Nonessential Amino Acids?

Answer 3

1. Alanine
2. Asparagine
3. Aspartate
4. Glutamate
5. Serine

A-A-A-G-S

Question 4

Conditionally essential amino acids?

Answer 4

1. Arginine
2. Cysteine
3. Glutamine
4. Glycine
5. Proline
6. Tyrosine

R-C-E-G-P-T

Question 5

Essential Amino Acids?

Answer 5

1. Histidine
2. Isoleucine
3. Leucine
4. Lysine
5. Methionine
6. Phenylalanine
7. Threonine
8. Tryptophan
9. Valine

H-I-L-K-M-W-T-F-V

Question 6

a-ketoglurate is the metabolic precursor of what AA?

Answer 6

Glutamate

Glutamine

Proline

Arginine

Question 7

pyruvate is the metabolic precursor of what AA?

Answer 7

Alanine

Question 8

3-Phosphoglycerate is the metabolic precursor of what AA?

Answer 8

Serine and Glycine

Question 9

Oxalacetate is the metabolic precursor of what AA?

Answer 9

Aspartate and Asparagine

Question 10

What AA is the intermediate between a-Ketoglutarate and its other 3 amino acids products?

Answer 10

Glutamate.

Question 11

What AA must be made before the second AA product is made by 3-Phosphoglycerate?

Answer 11

Serine must be made as glycine is made from it.

Question 12

What two cofactors are used in one-carbon transfers?

Answer 12

S-adenosylmethione

Tetrahydrofolate

Question 13

Process and Ezymes from 3-Phosphoglycerate to Glycine?

Answer 13

1. Oxidation
   
   1. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
2. ​Transamination
   
   1. Phosphoserine aminotransferase
3. ​ Dephosphorylation
   
   1. ​Phosphoserine phosphatase
4. ​SERINE IS MADE
5. One carbon removal
   
   1. Cofactors: ​Tetrahydrofolate and PLP
   2. Enzyme: Hydroxymethyltransferase.

Question 14

Order that AA are made from Oxaloacetate precursor?

Answer 14

Oxaloacetate -> Aspartate -> Asparagine

Question 15

From Oxaloacetate to AA mech.

Answer 15

1. Transamination: Glutamate + Oxaloacetate
   
   1. Aspartate aminotransferase
2. ​Aspartate + ATP —> Asparagine
   
   1. Asparagine synthetase.

Question 16

What enzyme and cofactor assist Phe to Tyr reaction?

Answer 16

Enzyme: Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Cofactor: Tetrahydro-biopterin

Question 17

How are amino acids biosynthesis regulated?

Answer 17

Allosterically by end products.

Question 18

What other important molecules are made from AA?

Answer 18

Adenine, NO, HEME, Creatine, Glutathione, Epinephrine.