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The Normal Animal > Neurobiology - Nerves > Flashcards

Neurobiology - Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 embryonic brain divisions

A

Telencephalon, metencephalon, diencephalon, metencephalon + pons,

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2
Q

What are the parts of the prosencephalon

A

Telencephalon and diencephalon

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3
Q

What makes up the telencephalon

A

Cerebral cortex and hippocampus

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4
Q

What is the diencephalon made up of

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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5
Q

What is the forebrain

A

Prosencephalon

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6
Q

What is the midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

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7
Q

What is the hindbrain

A

Rhombencephalon

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8
Q

What is the rhombencephalon made up of

A

Metencephalon and myelencephalon

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9
Q

What makes up the metencephalon of the rhombencephalon

A

Pons and cerebellum

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10
Q

What is the myelencephalon of the rhombencephalon made up of

A

Medulla

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11
Q

What are the 5 divisions of the brain

A

Telencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon, mesencephalon, and diencephalon

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12
Q

What are the parts of the brainstem

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla

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13
Q

Rostral

A

Toward nose

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14
Q

Caudal

A

Toward tail

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15
Q

Lateral

A

Toward left or right

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16
Q

Medial

A

Toward midline

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17
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward sky

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18
Q

Ventral

A

Toward belly

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19
Q

Coronal or transverse plane

A

Divides brain into rostral/caudal

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20
Q

Dorsal or horizontal plane

A

Divides brain into dorsal/ventral

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21
Q

Saggital or median plane

A

Divides brain into left/right

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22
Q

What part of the brain is the cerebral cortex in

A

Prosencephalon, telencephalon

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23
Q

Explain where the cerebral cortex is situated

A

Outermost layer

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24
Q

What is the largest part of the brain

A

Cerebral cortex

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25
Q

What matter does the cerebral cortex consist of

A

Grey and white

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26
Q

What is the function of cerebral cortex

A

Higher level processing and integration of sensory stimuli and initiate motor response

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27
Q

Which part of the brain grows the fastest - what is the result of this

A

Cerebral cortex - folds in - has gyri (bumps) and sulci (grooves)

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28
Q

What part of the brain is the hippocampus in

A

Prosencephalon, telencephalon

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29
Q

What is the structure of the hippocampus and where is it situated

A

C shaped and tucked under cortex

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30
Q

What type of matter does hippocampus have

A

Grey

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31
Q

What is the function of hippocampus

A

Learning and memory

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32
Q

Where are the basal ganglia

A

Telencephalon, diencephalon, and metencephalon

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33
Q

Where are the basal ganglia

A

Additional structures under cortex

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34
Q

What type of matter is the basal ganglia

A

Grey

35
Q

Where is the thalamus and hypothalamus

A

Diencephalon

36
Q

What is the function of the thalamus

A

Relay station for input to cerebral cortex

37
Q

Where is the diencephalon located in relation to the midbrain

A

Rostral

38
Q

Where is the hypothalamus in relation to the thalamus

A

Ventral

39
Q

What is the hypothalamus closely associated with

A

Pituitary gland

40
Q

What are the functions of the hypothalamus

A

Endocrine regulation, appetite, emotional behavior

41
Q

What part of the brain is the cerebellum in

A

Metencephalon

42
Q

What type of matter makes up the cerebellum

A

White and grey

43
Q

What is unique about the grey matter in the cerebellum

A

It is folded - folia

44
Q

Where does the cerebellum sit in relation to the brainstem

A

Dorsal

45
Q

What is the cerebellum connected to the brainstem by

A

Cerebellar peduncles

46
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum

A

Maintenance of posture and balance

47
Q

Where is the location of many cranial nerve nuclei

A

Pons and medulla

48
Q

Where is the pons located

A

Metencephalon

49
Q

What is the function of the pons

A

Facial movement, hearing, balance, respiration, sleep

50
Q

Where is the medulla located

A

Myelencephalon

51
Q

What is the function of the medulla

A

Breathing, blood pressure, respiration

52
Q

What does grey matter include

A

Cell bodies and dendrites

53
Q

What does white matter consist of

A

Mostly axons

54
Q

Which directions are the horns of the spinal cord

A

Dorsal to ventral horn

55
Q

Where do spinal nerves arise from

A

Spinal cord

56
Q

What do spinal nerves innervate

A

Structures caudal to head

57
Q

In spinal nerves, where are the cell bodies located
Sensory and motor

A

Sensory: dorsal root ganglia
Motor: ventral horn

58
Q

Are spinal nerves sensory or motor

A

Mixed

59
Q

How many spinal nerves are there

A

Varies by species but correlates with spinal cord segment (C3, T6)

60
Q

Where do the cranial nerves arise from

A

Brain

61
Q

What structure do cranial nerves innervate

A

Head and neck

62
Q

Are cranial nerves sensory, motor, or mixed

A

Yes

63
Q

Where are cell bodies of the cranial nerves located

A

In nuclei within brain or ganglia outside of brain

64
Q

How many cranial nerves are there

A

12 pairs

65
Q

What do the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal nerves connect with

A

Spinal cord

66
Q

What does a spinal nerve split into after dorsal and ventral roots

A

Dorsal and ventral branch or ramus

67
Q

What is the dorsal branch of the spinal nerve

A

Sensory/motor to back

68
Q

What is the ventral branch of the spinal nerve

A

Sensory/motor to ventral body wall, limbs, and visceral organs

69
Q

What is the strip of skin that each sensory spinal nerve innervates

A

Dermatome

70
Q

What do sensory spinal nerves detect

A

Sensations in muscle, organs, connective tissue

71
Q

Where are cell bodies for sensory nerves

A

Dorsal root ganglia

72
Q

Where are motor spinal nerves

A

Cell bodies in ventral horn

73
Q

When spinal nerve branches combine what do they innervate

A

Specific muscles

74
Q

What is cranial nerve 1,
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor

A

Olfactory
Telencephalon
Smell
Sensory

75
Q

What is cranial nerve II
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor

A

Optic
Diencephalon
Vision
Sensory

76
Q

What is cranial nerve III, IV, and VI (6)
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor

A

Occulomotor, Trochlear, Abducent
Mesencephalon (III, IV) and Myelencephalon (VI)
Eye movement
Motor

77
Q

What is cranial nerve V (7),
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor

A

Trigeminal
Metencephalon
Sensory to face
Motor to chewing muscles
BOTH
*has 3 branches

78
Q

What is cranial nerve VII (8),
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor

A

Facial
Myelencephalon
Sensory to ear
Motor to muscles of facial expression
Mixed

79
Q

What is cranial nerve VIII (9)
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor

A

Vestibulocochlear
Myelencephalon
2 divisions - vestibular and cochlear
Balance and hearing
Sensory

80
Q

What is cranial nerve IX,
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor

A

Glossopharyngeal
Myelencephalon
Mouth and throat
Mixed

81
Q

What is cranial nerve X
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor

A

Vagus
Myelencephalon
Sensory and motor to viscera
Mixed

82
Q

What is cranial nerve XI (11),
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor

A

Spinal accessory
Myelencephalon
Motor to neck muscles
Motor

83
Q

What is cranial nerve XII (12),
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor

A

Hypoglossal
Myelencephalon
Muscles to tongue
Motor

The Normal Animal (3 decks)

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