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Computer Science ATAR U1 > Network Communications Module > Flashcards

Network Communications Module Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the application layer

A

Provides network services directly to end-user applications

Interfaces with software applications to implement communication

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2
Q

What are the protocols of the application layer

A

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Used for web browsing

FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for file transfers

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Used for email transmission

DNS (Domain Name System): Resolves domain names to IP addresses

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3
Q

What is the transport layer

A

Manages end-to-end communication sessions

Reliable data transfer between devices

Manages error detection & connection, data segmentation, and flow control

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4
Q

What are protocols of transport layer

A

TCP (Transport Communication Protocol): Reliable, connection-oriented communication

UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Faster, connectionless communication with no error checking

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5
Q

What is the internet layer

A

Handles logical address and routing

Routes data packets across network

Defines logical addressing and packet forwarding

Utilises the IP protocol for addressing and routing

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6
Q

What are protocols of internet layer

A

IP (Internet Protocol): Provides logical addressing

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): Used for error messages and operational information

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): Maps IP addresses to physical MAC addresses

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7
Q

What is the network layer

A

Manages physical networking hardware

Handles physical transmission of data on the network

Defines hardware addressing and the physical network medium

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8
Q

What are protocols of the network layer

A

Physical Medium: Cable types, and wireless standards

MAC (Media Access Control) Address: Unique identifier for network interfaces

Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Point-to-Point Protocol

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9
Q

What is the role of ip addresses

A

Unique identifier assigned to each device on network

Allows devices to identify each other and communicate across a network

Identifies the host, and provides location of host in network

Capability to establish a path to host

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10
Q

What is key differences between IPv4 and IPv6

A

IPv6 larger address space

IPv6 has 128-bit address, IPv4 has 32-bit address

IPv4 addresses numeric, IPv6 address alphanumeric, displayed in hexadecimal

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11
Q

What is role of subnet masks

A

Separates IP addresses into network & host parts

Determine which part of IP address identifies host, which part identifies to network which it belongs

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12
Q

What is subnetting

A

Practice of dividing network into two or more smaller networks (Subnets)

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13
Q

How does subnetting improve network performance

A

Reduces congestion, increases bandwidth availability, minimises excess broadcast traffic

Simplifies troubleshooting by isolating issues to specific subnets

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14
Q

How does subnetting improve data security

A

If unauthorised access on network, restricts intruders from moving laterally across entire network, contains breaches to specific subnet

Network admins can implement security policies and access controls for each subnet, ensuring information remains protected, privacy is maintained

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15
Q

What is UTP in transmission media

A

Used in ethernet networks, cost-effective, easy to install

Lower bandwidth, higher latency

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16
Q

What is fibre optics in transmission media

A

High bandwidth, lower latency, can cover long distances without degradation

Expensive, specialised equipment for installation

17
Q

What is wireless in transmission media

A

Electromagnetic waves to transmit data through air

Wi-Fi, satellite, cellular technologies

Mobility, ease of deployment, may be affected by environmental factors

Lower bandwidth, higher latency

18
Q

What are routers

A

Internet layer, routing packets of data between different networks based on their IP addresses

Determines best path for data to travel using routing protocols

19
Q

What is a switch

A

Network layer, connect devices with same network segment, creating network

Uses MAC addresses to forward data to correct destination

Reduces amount of collision domains, improving performance

20
Q

What is a wireless access point (WAP)

A

Network layer, wireless devices connect to wired network using Wi-Fi

Extend wireless coverage of network, manages multiple connections simultaneously

21
Q

What is a firewall

A

Internet layer, monitors & controls incoming & outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules

Protects networks from unauthorised access, blocks harmful data packets

22
Q

What is risks of unauthorised access in network security

A

Data theft, information like personal data, financial details, IP

System damage

Legal and compliance issues, loss of reputation and penalties

23
Q

What is preventation strategies of unauthorised access in network security

A

Use strong authentication methods

Regular updating & patching of software

24
Q

What is function of firewalls in securing networks

A

Packet filtering, analyses incoming & outgoing packets, allows / blocks them based on security rules

Tracks state of active connections

Intercepts all messages entering & leaving network

25
Q

What is role of operating systems in network security

A

Control user access to network resources through user credentials & permissions

Regular patches provided by OS developers

Malware protection, anti-malware and anti-virus tools

26
Q

What is bandwidth as factors that affect network performance

A

Rate at which data can be transferred over network at any given time

Higher bandwidth = More data transferred simultaneously

Low bandwidth = Slow data transfer rates

27
Q

What is network design as factors that affect network performance

A

Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, Hybrid

Efficient design reduces bottlenecks, enhances data flow, higher data rates

Poor design leads to packet loss, low network efficiency, data collisions

28
Q

What are data collisions as factors that affect network performance

A

When two devices send packets simultaneously on same network segment, causing packets to collide & corrupt

Collisions lead to congestion, reduced network speed

Collision detection minimises issues

29
Q

What is excess broadcast traffic as factors that affect network performance

A

Sending data to all network devices, regardless of intended device

Overwhelm network resources = Network slowdown

Managing & limiting broadcast traffic maintains optimal performance

30
Q

What are network diagrams

A

Draw network diagrams, represent topologies for LAN, WLAN, WAN

Symbols given in exam

31
Q

What are connections in network diagrams

A

Solid lines = Ethernet

Dotted lines = Wireless

Each connection line should be labelled with type

32
Q

What is a bus in network topologies

A

All devices share a common single communication line or a bus

Only one node can send / receive data at a time

33
Q

What is a ring in network topologies

A

All nodes connected on a medium, if a node wants to send data, adds it to the frame

34
Q

What is a star in network topologies

A

All devices connected to single central device, typically switch or hub

35
Q

What is a mesh in network topologies

A

Devices interconnected directly with many redundant interconnections between network nodes

36
Q

What is a hybrid in network topologies

A

Mixture of all types of topologies

Computer Science ATAR U1 (3 decks)

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