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Cell Bio II > Nervous tissue I > Flashcards

Nervous tissue I Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are Nissl bodies?

A

Stacks of rER

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2
Q

What are characteristics of the nucleus in a nerve cell?

A

Large, clear, euchromatic, dense nucleolus

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3
Q

Does mitosis occur in adult nerve cells?

A

No

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4
Q

What is chromatolysis?

A

Dissolution of Nissl substance following injury

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5
Q

What is Kevin’s favorite food?

A

( ) )=========D

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6
Q

Are dendrites myelinated?

A

No, never

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7
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

Receive stimuli from epithelial receptor cells or other neurons and transmit to cell body

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8
Q

What is the protein associated with anterograde transport?

A

Kinesin

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9
Q

What is the direction of anterograde transport?

A

Away from cell body

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10
Q

Transport away from the cell body is what kind of transport?

A

Anterograde

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11
Q

Transport toward the cell body is what kind of transport?

A

Retrograde

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12
Q

What is the direction of retrograde transport?

A

Toward the cell body

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13
Q

What protein is associated with retrograde transport?

A

Dynein

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14
Q

Viruses that enter nerve endings travel to the CNS via what type of transport?

A

Retrograde

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15
Q

What are characteristics of a bipolar neuron?

A
  1. Two processes (dendrite + axon)

2. Found in retina, inner ear, nose

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16
Q

What are characteristics of a multipolar neuron?

A
  1. Numerous dendrites, single axon

2. Includes motor neurons and interneurons

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17
Q

What are characteristics of a unipolar neuron?

A
  1. Has only an axon that bifurcates into two processes (T-shaped)
  2. Impulses are transmitted down axon, bypassing cell body
  3. Enclosed in CN sensory ganglia and dorsal root ganglion
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18
Q

What is the function of neuroglia?

A

Provide physical and physiological support to nerve cells

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19
Q

Can neuroglia divide / form tumors?

A

No

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20
Q

Does the CNS have connective tissue?

A

No

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21
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

Largest nerve cells; exhibit mat-like vascular feet / pedicles, and ensheate all blood vessels covered by a basal lamina

22
Q

Largest nerve cells; exhibit mat-like vascular feet / pedicles, and ensheate all blood vessels covered by a basal lamina:

A

Astrocytes

23
Q

What are the functions of astrocytes?

A
  1. May assist in BBB
  2. Form a deep layer to pia mater
  3. Form scar tissue following injury
  4. Involved in tissue repair
  5. Monitor chemical and ionic composition in extracellular space around nerve cells
24
Q

What are protoplasmic astrocytes?

A
  1. Primarily in gray matter
  2. Granular cytoplasm
  3. Processes cover synapses, neurons, blood vessels
25
Q

What are fibrous astrocytes?

A
  1. Primarily in white matter
  2. Long, thin processes
  3. Light staining
  4. Associated with blood vessels and pia mater
  5. Cover Nodes of Ranvier and synapses
  6. Most common brain tumor in adults
26
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A
  1. Smaller than astroctyes
  2. Form rows in white matter
  3. Many mitochondria, Golgi, rER, microtubules
27
Q
  1. Smaller than astroctyes
  2. Form rows in white matter
  3. Many mitochondria, Golgi, rER, microtubules
A

Oligodendrocytes

28
Q
  1. Primarily in white matter
  2. Long, thin processes
  3. Light staining
  4. Associated with blood vessels and pia mater
  5. Cover Nodes of Ranvier and synapses
  6. Most common brain tumor in adults
A

Fibrous astrocytes

29
Q
  1. Primarily in gray matter
  2. Granular cytoplasm
  3. Processes cover synapses, neurons, blood vessels
A

Protoplasmic astrocytes

30
Q

What are some characteristics of microglia?

A
  1. Small cell bodies
  2. Elongated nuclei
  3. Condensed chromatin
  4. Present in white and gray matter
  5. Derived from monocytes
  6. Phagocytic
31
Q
  1. Small cell bodies
  2. Elongated nuclei
  3. Condensed chromatin
  4. Present in white and gray matter
  5. Derived from monocytes
  6. Phagocytic
A

Microglia

32
Q

What are characteristics of ependymal cells?

A
  1. Cuboidal-columnar
  2. Line brain and spinal cord cavities containing CSF
  3. Have motile cilia
  4. Abundant mitochondria
  5. Apical Golgi, sparse rER
33
Q
  1. Cuboidal-columnar
  2. Line brain and spinal cord cavities containing CSF
  3. Have motile cilia
  4. Abundant mitochondria
  5. Apical Golgi, sparse rER
A

Ependymal cells

34
Q

Where are unmyelinated axons located?

A

CNS and PNS

35
Q

In the CNS, are unmyelinated axons covered by glia?

A

No

36
Q

Where / how are unmyelinated axons located in the PNS?

A

In a groove of a Schwann cell

37
Q

Are there Nodes of Ranvier along unmyelinated axons?

A

No

38
Q

What myelinates axons in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

39
Q

What is myelin?

A

A lipoprotein, formed by concentric layers of cell membrane

40
Q

What myelinates axons in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

41
Q

What is the Node of Ranvier?

A

The unmyelinated segment of the axon between two Schwann cells

42
Q

What is the internodal segment?

A

Myelin-covered segments of an axon

43
Q

Schwann cells derive from the ____________

A

Neural crest

44
Q

What is the endoneurium?

A

Loose CT with collagen fibrils that covers individual axons, synthesized by Schwann cells

45
Q

Loose CT with collagen fibrils that covers individual axons, synthesized by Schwann cells:

A

Endoneurium

46
Q

What is the perineurium?

A

Specialized CT, encloses Schwann cell-ensheathed axons and endoneurium

47
Q

Specialized CT, encloses Schwann cell-ensheathed axons and endoneurium:

A

Periuneurium

48
Q

What is the epineurium?

A

Dense irregular fibrous CT with elastic fibers; covers several nerve bundles which forms gross nerve

49
Q

Dense irregular fibrous CT with elastic fibers; covers several nerve bundles which forms gross nerve:

A

Epineurium

50
Q

What are satellite cells?

A

Support cell bodies of neurons housed in ganglia and function like Schwann cells but without myelination ability

51
Q

Support cell bodies of neurons housed in ganglia and function like Schwann cells but without myelination ability:

A

Satellite cells

52
Q

What is multiple sclerosis?

A

Autoimmune disease affecting only the white matter of the CNS; Abs attack the myelin sheath, leading to a decrease in impulse conduction

Cell Bio II (10 decks)

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