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Lab Pro > Nematode Review > Flashcards

Nematode Review Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific name for pseudoheartworm?

A

Acanthoheilonema reconditum

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2
Q

What are the methods for transmission for Roundworms?

A 
Direct (fecal/oral)
Transplacental
Transmammary
Predation of foreign hosts
Zoonotic
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3
Q

What 5 clinical signs are seen with a hookworm infection?

A 
Blood loss and GI irritation
Weakness
Secondary signs of hepatitis and pneumonia
Anemia
Diarrhea
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4
Q

Microfilaria

A

Canine heartworm

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5
Q

Nematodes

A

Roundworms

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6
Q

What is the prepatent period for whipworms?

A

70-90 days

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7
Q

Ancylostoma caninum

A

Canine hookworm

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8
Q

What can hookworms cause in puppies and kittens?

A

Severe anemia

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9
Q

What are the four/grades of heartworm disease and the related symptoms?

A 
Class 1(mild): Occasional cough, fatigue w/ exercise, mildloss of condition
Class 2(moderate):Occasional cough, fatigue w/ exercise, mild to moderate loss of condition
Class 3(severe): General loss of condition, fatigue w/ mild activity, occasional or persistant cough
Class 4(very severe): Caval Syndrome
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10
Q

How do we diagnose hookworm, roundworm or whipworms?

A

Stool samples- fecal floats

Blood sample- snap tests

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11
Q

What is Caval Syndrome?

A

A condition that develops when a mass of heartworms are in the right ventrical, right atrium, and also the vena cava.

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12
Q

Helminths are a grouping of?

A

Nematodes
Tapeworms
Flukes

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13
Q

Condition that involves a certain parasite under the human skin. What is this parasite called?

A

Ancylostoma zoonosis

Hookworm

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14
Q

Simple type of nematode

A

Roundworm

Toxocara canis

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15
Q

Adult ascarids are what length?

A

3-18 cm in length

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16
Q

Heartworm life cycle

A 
Patency 6-7months
L3 microfilaria
3-4 days larval development
L4 stage larvae
2-3 months larvae development
adult heartworm
3-4 months
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17
Q

What is an endoparasite?

A

A parasite that lives within the body

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18
Q

A type of ova that is seen in dogs. (Hey Arnold!)

A

Whipworm

Trichuris vulpis

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19
Q

What other animals besides dogs and contract heartworm?

A

Cats

Ferrets

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20
Q

What is the difference between infection and infestation?

A

Infection- Can be caused by a parasite within the body

Infestation- Outside/ on the body or environment

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21
Q

What type of round ova is seen in a cat?

A

Toxocara cati ova

Roundworm ova

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22
Q

What are two feline whipworms?

A

Trichuroidea campanula

Trichuroidea serrata

23
Q

What type of oval-shaped ova is seen in a dog?

A

Ancylostoma caninum ova

Hookworm ova

24
Q

What type of nematode is thick on one end and thin at the other?

A

Trichuroidea

Whipworm

25
Q

Tracheal migration route

A

2nd stage larvae is consumed
The stomach is penetrated by larvae
Larvae migrate through the liver tissue
Larvae enter vena cava and into lungs
Then they migrate up the trachea and go into the esophagus
Goes back to the stomach, molts to 3rd stage and matures in the small intestine, copulates and produces eggs.

26
Q

Roundworm lifecycle

A 
Eggs are laid in the small intestine
Eggs passed in feces
Eggs embryonate
Embryonamted eggs in feces
Embryonanted eggs ingested by an intermediate host
Tissues of intermediate host ingested by god
Embyronated eggs ingested by dog
Transmission routes to offspring
27
Q

Explain the definitive host and intermediate host.

A

Definitive host- Harbors adult stages of parasite

Intermediate host- Harbors immature stages of parasite

28
Q

What type of round ova is seen in a dog?

A

Ascaroidea canis ova

Roundworm ova

29
Q

Ancylostoma caninum

A

Canine hookworm

30
Q

Ancylostoma tubaeforme

A

Feline hookworm

31
Q

Ancylostoma bronziliense

A

Canine and feline hookworm

32
Q

Uncinaria stenocephala

A

Northern canine hookworm

33
Q

Type of egg shaped ova seen in both cats and dogs

A

Toxocaris leonina ova

Roundworm ova

34
Q

What is parasitism?

A

Two different species of organisms in which one lives on/in the other and may cause harm

35
Q

Why are whipworms not seen in very young puppies?

A

They have a prepatent period of 70-90 days.

36
Q

What tye of zoonosis can hookworms cause in humans?

A

Ancylostoma zoonosis- Infective larvae penetrate the skin causing cutaneous larval migrans.

37
Q

Whipworms eggs have polar plugs with _________ at both ends.

A

Operculum

38
Q

What type of zoonosis can roundworms cause in humans?

A

VLM- visceral larval migrans
OLM- ocular larval migrans
Baylisascaris procyonis- neural larval migrans

39
Q

An immature parasite commonly seen in blood samples

A

Microfilaria

40
Q

Name 3 ascarids in dogs and cats.

A

Toxocara canis
Toxocara cati
Toxocara leonina

41
Q

What are the infective stages for:
Roundworm
Hookworm
Whipworm

A

Roundworm: 2nd stage
Hookworm: 3rd stage
Whipworm: 2nd stage

42
Q

What are the methods of transmission for the hookworm?

A 
Skin penetration
Direct(fecal/oral) 
Transplacental
Transmammary
Predation of foreign hosts
43
Q

What is an incidental parasite?

A

A parasite that is in the wrong host.

44
Q

Somatic migration route

A

Larvae is consumed
Stomach is penetrated and hepatic portal is entered
Larvae migrates throught the liver tissue
Larvae enters vena cava and into lungs
Larvae then travels to various sites

45
Q

How many larval stages do roundworms have?

A

4 larval stages

46
Q

What is the prepatent period for the canine heartworm?

A

6 months

47
Q

Nematode with a “hook” shaped end

A

Ancylostoma caninum

Hookworm

48
Q

What is the difference between a direct and indirect lifecycle?

A

Indirect- needs a host to continue life stages

Direct- Can live entire lifecycle in one host

49
Q

What are 5 clinical signs associated with roundworm infections?

A 
Obstruction of intestinal tract
Pulmonary edema
Restlessness
Dull coat
Emaciation
50
Q

What is a prepatent period?

A

Infection to detection

51
Q

What two ways can you diagnose heartworm disease?

A

Observing microfilaria in blood samples

Snap test

52
Q

What is a method of transmission for whipworms?

A

Fecal/oral (direct)

53
Q

What is the prepatent period for T. canis and T. leonina?

A

Toxocara canis- 21-35 days

Toxocara leonina- 74 days

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