Neck & trunk Flashcards
What is the heaviest vertebrae?
L4: 8.2% presacral column.
6.6% entire column.
0.67% entire skeleton.
What is anterior concave vertebral alignment?
Kyphosis. Appear during fetal period of embryonic development.
What is posterior concave vertebral alignment?
Lordosis. Form after delivery.
What are some abnormalities of the spine?
Scoliosis: lateral curvature of spine, commonly diagnosed early adolescents.
What is Hyperkyphosis?
Excessive anteroposterior curvature in thoracic spine. >40 degrees.
Scheuermann’s disease - juvenile form.
Posutral kyphosis - poor posture, weak and inactive muscle.
Congenital kyphosis - bone defect at birth.
What is hyperlordosis?
exaggerated curvature of lumbar spine
How do you treat spinal abnormalities?
Exercise programs, bracing, surgical options.
When and where do primary ossification centres develop?
C3-L5 vertebrae. 9 weeks in utero - 1 year of age. Centrum, Neural arch.
Where are the 5 secondary ossification centres?
Appear at puberty, fuse at age of 25-30 years. Tip of spinous process, transverse process, 2 annular epiphyses.
What passes through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae?
Vertebral arteries.
What are the atypical thoracic vertebrae?
T1,T9-T12.
What are unique features of Lumbar vertebrae?
Accessory processes, Mamillary processes
When do fusion of sacral vertebrae beign?
20 yrs.
What is spondylolysis?
Pars interarticularis (area between pedicle and lamina), stress fracture.
What is spondylolisthesis?
Slippage of one vertebral body with respect to adjacent vertebral body.
