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ECOLOGY > Nature of Ecology pt. 2 > Flashcards

Nature of Ecology pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

composed of organisms, communities, and the non-living aspects of their environment

A

ecosystems

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2
Q

main levels of study in ecology

A

organism, population, community, and ecosystem

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3
Q

what sustain and regulate the environment

A

ecosystem

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4
Q

deals with the study of interrelationships between living organosms and the non-living components in the environment

A

ecology

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5
Q

give examples of living organisms

A

animal, plant, fungus, or micro-organisms

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6
Q

give examples of non-living organisms

A

rocks, water, weather, climate, natural events

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7
Q

these include rocks, water, weather, climate, and natural events

A

non-living organismsi

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8
Q

include animal, plant, fungus, and microorganisms

A

living organisms

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9
Q

refers to the surroundings of an organism according to Richard Brewer

A

environment

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10
Q

who defined the environment as the surrounding of an organism

A

richard brewer

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11
Q

environment is also called

A

habitat

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12
Q

give two habitat features:

A

biotic and abiotic factors

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13
Q

pertain to the living things that directly or indirectly affect the environment

A

biotic factors

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14
Q

what type of factors are the organisms, their presence, parts, and interaction

A

biotic factors

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15
Q

give examples of abiotic factors

A

intensity of light, range of temp., amount of moisture, type of substratum, availability of inorganic substances, supply of gases (O, CO2, N), and pH

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16
Q

what can act as a limiting factor

A

abiotic factors

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17
Q

interrelatedness of the physical features and organisms occuring in a given area

A

ecosystem

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18
Q

give the three systems of interrelation between the biotic and abiotic features of the environment

A

action, reaction, and coaction

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19
Q

the physical environment acts on the community in many ways

A

action

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20
Q

refers to the effects of organisms upon their physical environment

A

reaction

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21
Q

refers to the effects on organism has on another

A

coaction

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22
Q

true or false: the term oekologie came from the latin “oikos” meaning house

A

false; it came from the greek word “oikos” = home

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23
Q

when did Ernst Haeckel first proposed the word ecology

A

1866

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24
Q

all members of the same species inhabiting a particular area

A

population

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25
Q

all the populations found in a particular area

A

community

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26
Q

community and its physical environment, characterized by a flow of energy and a cycle of inorganic nutrients

A

ecosystem

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27
Q

refers to the movement and exhange of organic and inorganic matter back into the productio of living matter

A

nutrient cycle

28
Q

true or false: nutrition cycle refers to the movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of living matter

A

false; it is called nutrient cycle

29
Q

describe the flow of energy through the ecosystem

A

moves in one direction–from the sun, through photosynthetic organisms, including plants and algae, through herbivores, to carnivores, and finally decomposers

30
Q

true or false: there is an increase overall energy in each level as you move up the food web

A

false

31
Q

which has more energy between producer and consumer level?

A

producer level have much more energy compared to consumer level

32
Q

composed of a habitat and a niche

A

biotic components

33
Q

biotic components is composed of

A

a habitat and a niche

34
Q

regions of the earth where organisms exist

A

biosphere

35
Q

progressive change in plant and animal life of an area

A

succession

36
Q

they are the first organisms to inhabit a given location

A

pioneer organisms

37
Q

what do pioneer organisms to the environment

A

they modify the environment, establishing conditions under which more advanced organisms can live

38
Q

give examples of pioneer organisms

A

lichens, mosses, fungi, microorganisms

39
Q

place where an organism lives and able to survive and reproduce

A

habitat

40
Q

major type of community or ecosystem that occupies vast areas

A

biome

41
Q

give examples of biomes

A

beach forest, mangrove forest, tropical moist deciduous forest, forest over limestone, peat swamp forest

42
Q

functional role and position of an organism in the ecosystem

A

niche

43
Q

give the two nutritional relationships

A

autotrophs and heterotrophs

44
Q

can synthesize their own food from inorganic compounds and a usable energy source

A

autotrophs

45
Q

can not synthesize their own food and are dependednt on other organisms for their food

A

heterotrophs

46
Q

define autotrophs

A

able to synthesize their own food from inorganic compounds

47
Q

define heterotrophs

A

not able to synthesize their own food

48
Q

types of heterotrophs

A

saprophytes, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores

49
Q

include heterotrophic plants, fungis, and bacteria which live on dead matter

A

saprophytes

50
Q

plant-eating animals

A

herbivores

51
Q

meat-eating animals

A

carnivores

52
Q

comsume both plants and meat

A

omnivores

53
Q

give types of carnivores

A

predators and scavengers

54
Q

animals which kill and consume their prey

A

predators

55
Q

animals that feed on other animals that they have not killed

A

scavengers

56
Q

living together with another organism in close association

A

symbiosis

57
Q

types of symbiosis

A

mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism

58
Q

one organism is benefited and the other is unharmed

A

commensalism

59
Q

define commensalism

A

type of symbiosis where one individual is unharmed and the other benefits from them

60
Q

give example/s of commensalism

A

bird nesting in a tree’s hollow, bacteria living on human skin, millipedes that travel on birds

61
Q

both organisms benefit from the association

A

mutualism

62
Q

define mutualism

A

a type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit from each other

63
Q

parasite benefits at the expense of the host

A

parasitism

64
Q

define parasitism

A

one organism is benefitted at the expense of the other

65
Q

two components of parasitism

A

host and parasite

66
Q

give examples of parasitism

A

ticks and dogs, lice and humans, large blue butterfly (pherangis arion)

ECOLOGY (4 decks)

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