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UCSP 2N QUARTELY EXAM REVIEWER > Nature, Goals And Perspective In/Of Sociology > Flashcards

Nature, Goals And Perspective In/Of Sociology Flashcards

1
Q

Study of human society and social interactions

A

Sociology

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2
Q

group of people live together In a community, share a common goal

patterns of relationship between individuals by institutions ( family, government, economy)

A

Society

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3
Q

6 Characteristics of Culture

A
  1. Shared Territory
  2. Persistent social interaction
  3. Share Common culture
  4. Institutions
  5. Stratification
  6. Status
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4
Q

Society typically occupies a specific territory ( country or region)

A

Shared Territory

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5
Q

members of society interact with each other on a regular basis

A

Persistent social interaction

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6
Q

members of a society share a common culture, includes values, beliefs, norms and practices

A

Share Common Culture

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7
Q

help to organize and regulate social life

family
government
economy
education system

A

Institutions

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8
Q

different level of social status factors such as
wealth, power, and prestige

A

Stratification

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9
Q

Rank or position in the society

Amount of prestige a person received from members of the community

A

Status

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10
Q

2 types of STATUS

A
  1. Ascribed Status
  2. Achieved Status
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11
Q

Assigned to a person at birth

A

Ascribed Status

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12
Q

individual acquired during his or her lifetime

results of the exercise of knowledge

A

Achieved Status

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13
Q

5 examples of ascribed status

A
  1. Sex differences
  2. Age differences
  3. Kinship
  4. Cultural Differences
  5. Racial Differences
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14
Q

5 examples of achieved status

A
  1. Education
  2. Occupation
  3. Politics
  4. Physical Strength
  5. Specialization
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15
Q

4 sociological theory of sociology

A
  1. Functionalism
  2. Conflict theory
  3. Symbolic interactionism
  4. Social Constructionism
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16
Q

Views society as interelated parts

that work together to maintain the social order

(Serving specific function to maintain stability and balance)

A

Functionalism

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17
Q

Views society as a system of conflict

Between different group such as the rich and the poor

A

Conflict theory

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18
Q

Theory that focuses on the way that people interact

A

Symbolic interactionism

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19
Q

Greek word for fish

A

Ichtus

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20
Q

Societal concepts, institutions, and norms are not inherent truths but are socially created and defined

A

Social Constructionism

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21
Q

social construct that has been used to divide people into different group based on their physical characteristics

used to justify racism and oppression

A

Race

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22
Q

Expectations and behavior that associates with each gender

A

Gender roles

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23
Q

process in nature through which living organisms adapt and change in response to an environmental condition

A

Natural Selection

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24
Q

focuses on understanding the cultural practices, beliefs, norms and values of different societies

A

Cultural Anthropology

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25
Q

Often conduct ethnographic fieldworks

Living with and observing communities to gain deep understanding of their way of life

A

Cultural Anthropologists

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26
Q

Also known as PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, examines human biology, evolution, genetics and primatology

seeks to understand the biological basis of human variation and adaptation

A

Biological anthropology

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27
Q

population of living organisms CHANGE OVER TIME through the accumulation of GENETIC INFORMATION

A

Evolution

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28
Q

Study of genes, heredity and variation in living organisms

A

Genetics

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29
Q

Basic unit of heredity

Made up of DNA, molecules that contains the instructions for building proteins

A

Genes

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30
Q

Responsible for all of the structure and functions of living cells

A

Proteins

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31
Q

Passing of Genes from Parents to Offspring

A

Heredity

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32
Q

Male
Female
LGBTQIA

A

Gender

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33
Q

Preference of the individual

A

Social orientation

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34
Q

Penis, vagina

A

Sex

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35
Q

Study of origins

A

Primatology

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36
Q

Scientific study of humans and their societies, cultures, and behaviors

A

Anthropology

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37
Q

Anthropology from the greek word and meaning

A

Anthros = human being

Logos = study of

Human existence, past and present

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38
Q

Set of beliefs, accumulated over time and shared by members of society

Historically transmitted patterns

Descriptive concept

A

Culture

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39
Q

3 branch of culture

A

Anthropology

Sociology

Political Science

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40
Q

Set of human behavior passed down from one generation to another

A

Culture in anthropology

41
Q

It is shared views and normative judgements held by a population

A

Culture in Political Science

42
Q

Type of political organization that can be organized, or declared by the state

A

Political System

43
Q

Values, beliefs, norms

A

Non material Culture

44
Q

Tangible, concrete, object

Building, technologies, gadgets

A

Material culture

45
Q

How culture starts?

A

Idea - intention - action - practice - consistency - habit - shared / transmitted - accept - yes - trend - consistent repetition by large group of people - CULTURE - repeat

no - end

46
Q

6 Characteristics of Culture

A
  1. Dynamic, Flexible, and Adaptive
  2. Learned
  3. Symbolic
  4. Systematic and Integrated
  5. Shared
  6. Encompassing
47
Q

Variety of interactions

A

Dynamic, Flexible and Adaptive

48
Q

Must learned how to be a member of that culture

A

LEARNED

49
Q

Culture is acquired by being born

Fusion of a new culture to another

A

Enculturation

50
Q

How cultural traits are passed on to younger generation

A

Through language and teaching

51
Q

Culture renders meaning to what people do

A

Symbolic

52
Q

Work together in an integrated whole

A

Systematic and Integrated

53
Q

Societies operates differently from each other leading for cultural variations

A

Shared

54
Q

Establish connections with each other and form relationship guided by their respective cultural practices and values ( no discrimination)

A

Encompass

55
Q

Systematic study of political institutions

A

Political Science

56
Q

Institutions that has authority to make and enforce laws

A

Government

57
Q

Branch of government that is responsible for enforcing laws

A

Executive

58
Q

Branch of government that is responsible for interpreting and applying law

A

Judicial

59
Q

SUpreme law of a country

A

Constitution

60
Q

Group of people who organized to promote political goals

A

Political Parties

61
Q

Process by which citizens elect their representative

A

Electoral System

62
Q

Branch of government responsible for making law

A

Legislative

63
Q

2 houses of legislative

A

House of representatives
Senate

64
Q

Organization that advocate for specific policies

A

Interest groups

65
Q

Political theory emphasizing that economy should benefit all members of the society not just small elite

A

Socialism

66
Q

Political theory emphasizes tradition, order and stability

A

Conservatism

67
Q

Political theory that argues a small privileged group holds significant power and influence in society

A

Elite Theory

68
Q

German economist and political theories who laid the foundation of modern communism

A

Karl Marx

69
Q

Political Science perspective focusing on the role of states as primary actors, motivated by self interested

A

Realism

70
Q

A theory in international relations that emphasizes cooperation and the possibility of peace

A

Idealism

71
Q

A political science perspective, where a small elite group shapes policies and control resources

A

Elite Theory

72
Q

A theory that views politics through power and conflict, often associated with international relations.

A

Realism

73
Q

Political scientists aim to comprehend various form of government

A

Understanding Political System

74
Q

Political scientists aim to comprehend various form of government

A

Understanding Political System

75
Q

5 power and authority of government

A

Power to make and enforce laws
Power to tax
Power to regulate economy
Power to provide public service
Power to protect national security

76
Q

Government has the power to make law

What power

A

Power to make and enforce law

77
Q

This revenue is used to fund public services

What power?

A

Power to tax

78
Q

Include things like education, social security, infrastructure
What power?

A

Power to regulate economy

79
Q

Government can set quotas, process dm tariffs
What power?

A

Power to regulate economy

80
Q

Include things like education, social security. Infrastructure
What power?

A

Power to provide public service

81
Q

Government has the power to protect citizens from external threat

What power?

A

Power to protect national security

82
Q

Most common forms of political participation

A

Voting

83
Q

Citizens can contact elected officials to express their views in issues

A

Contracting elected officials

84
Q

Way for citizens to learn about government

A

Attending public meetings

85
Q

Way for citizens to show their disapproval

A

Protesting

86
Q

Citizens can donate money to political campaign

A

Donating to political campaigns

87
Q

Citizens can volunteer their skills and time in political campaign

A

Volunteering for political campaigns

88
Q

Citizens can run for office themselves

A

Running for office

89
Q

6 public policies

That government should put into consideration

A
  1. Education Policy
  2. Healthcare Policy
  3. Social Welfare Policy
    4., Environment Policy
  4. Economic Policy
  5. Foreign policy
90
Q

Include things like curriculum standards, teacher qualifications, and school funding

What policy?

A

Education policy

91
Q

Include things like health insurance, access to care, drug price

What policy?

A

Social Welfare Policy

92
Q

Include things like air, water quality standards, pollution control and renewable energy.

What policy?

A

Environment Policy

93
Q

Include things like diplomacy, trade and military alliances

What policy?

A

Foreign policy

94
Q

Responsible for managing a countrys monetary funds

A

Central bank

95
Q

Institutions responsible for defending a country from external threats

A

Military

96
Q

body of government employees, carrying out day to day business

A

Civil Service

97
Q

Responsible for providing services to citizens at the local level

A

Local governments

98
Q

Organization that advocate for specific policies or causes

A

Interest groups

99
Q

Plays a vital role in shaping public opinions and influencing political process

A

The media

UCSP 2N QUARTELY EXAM REVIEWER (3 decks)

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