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Biology (Diversity of Life) > Natural Selection > Flashcards

Natural Selection Flashcards

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1
Q

Natural Selection

A

The process that causes change in organisms

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2
Q

The Mechanism (1&2)

A
  1. Variation exists in populations
  2. most traits in organisms are heritbale
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3
Q

Natural Selection ONLY acts on traits that are…

A

Heritable

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4
Q

The Mechanism (3)

A
  1. Organisms are in a constant struggle to survive and reproduce (intense competition)
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5
Q

The Mechanism (4)-Unequal Survival and Reproduction

A
  1. Individuals with good traits survive and reproduce more, future generations have more individuals with good traits, small advantages from good traits still increase in the population
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6
Q

How are genes passed from one generation to the next?

A

DNA is carried in sperm and egg

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7
Q

Where does variation in population come from?

A

Mutations!

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8
Q

Mutation

A

change in DNA structure
only process that can create new traits
they vary from small to big
can be good, bad, or neutral

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9
Q

When do mutations happen?

A

When DNA is copied prior to mitosis and meiosis (for evolution, meiosis)

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10
Q

Are mutations well known?

A

No!

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11
Q

How frequent are mutations?

A

In humans, each gene has a mutation once every 10,000 times it is copied

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12
Q

Gene

A

small section of DNA with a specific purpose

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13
Q

How many genes in sperm an eggs cells? Mutations?

A

Each sperm and egg cell contains 20,000 to 25,000 genes, and likely carries mutations not present in the parent

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14
Q

meiosis

A

production of sperm and egg

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15
Q

independent assortment (shuffling the card deck)

A

produces many combinations of traits in offspring, BUT unable to produce new traits

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16
Q

Crossing Over (Cutting cards, switching cut pieces, and taping new cards together)

A

Mom’s chromosomes line up with Dad’s version of the same chromosome and they exchange pieces, produces huge variation in combinations of traits

17
Q

When does crossing over happen?

A

During meiosis

18
Q

What happens first, Indep. Assort. or Crossing Over?

A

Crossing over, then independent assortment

Biology (Diversity of Life) (4 decks)

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