Natural and synthetic Flashcards
Three basic classes of natural extraction
solvent extraction, expression, distillation
Define concrete
Extraction through solvent using volatile hydrocarbon producing waxy resin solid or oily liquid. Usually further distilled.
Define pomade
Fragrant mass of solid fat from the enfleurage process, oily/sticky solid
Define absolute
oily liquid produced by purifying concrete using ethanol.
Define essential oil
oily liquid extracted through distillation or expression.
Define tincture
thin liquid produced by directly soaking raw material in ethanol.
Define expression
when raw product is squeezed or compressed and oils are collected.
Types of distillation
dry/destructive distillation, steam distillation, vacuum distillation, fractional distillation.
Define fractional distillation
separation of different compounds in a mix by heating to specific temp at which certain compounds vaporise.
Advantage of vacuum distillation?
Higher pressure lowers boiling point of compound meaning the compounds odour is more likely to be preserved.
2 types of fragrance delivery?
pro-perfume, micro-encapsulation
Define pro-perfumes
An inactive form of perfume is then activated later.
Define micro-encapsulation
Perfume incapsulated in polymeric shells (natural or synthetic) this protects them from the environment and slows their release rate.
