Native Americans- part one Flashcards
Who were the five civilized tribes?
Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole and Cherokee, they had some early success in negotiating treaties and keeping land.
What did the natives want?
The right to live by tribal customs, self determination and their own lands. This would get harder as time passed.
What was Tecumseh’s confederacy?
1811-13, attempt by Shawnee chief Tecumseh to unite the 5CT’s against the white advance.
What happened to the confederacy?
1811- whilst Tecumseh was away trying to get the 5CT’s to join him, governor of the Indian territory William Henry Harrison launched an attack on Prophetstown, the Shawnee retaliated and Harrison hit back, burning Prophetstown to the ground. Tecumseh fled to Canada.
How did the war of 1812 effect the natives?
Many fought with the British, hardening white American attitudes against them. War ended in 1814 and the British vacated their forts around the Great Lakes, robbing the natives of an ally.
What happened to 1814?
The creek tribe were defeated by Jackson’s forces at horseshoe bend and forced to give up 2/3 of their land.
What happened during the first Seminole war?
1816-19, Spain had ceded Florida in 1819 and the USA wanted the Seminole to leave northern Florida for a reservation in the south.
What happened during the second Seminole war?
1835-42, under 1832’s treaty of Payne’s landing the government wanted the Seminoles out of Florida. Under chief Osceola they waged guerrilla warfare, killing 1,500 and costing $50m damage. Army burned homes and villages and most Seminoles chose to leave.
What happened during the third Seminole war?
1855-58, government determined to get the Seminoles out of Florida, they sent scouting parties to encroach upon their lands and cut off food supplies. The Seminoles moved to the Oklahoman reservation.
Give four consequences of the civil war on the natives
- Government forgot to feed them, leading to conflict. 2. Reservations guarded by untrained soldiers, leading to skirmishes. 3. Government more determined to secure lands west of the Mississippi. 4. Sioux rebellion 1862, Sioux killed 800 whites and lost their Minnesotan lands.
What was the sand creek massacre?
1864- Cheyenne and Arapaho had signed a treaty to move farther west, but most rejected it and began attacking wagon trains. Protesters were persuaded to gather at fort Lyon and were promised protection. They were shot by the army, with 450 innocents killed.
What happened during little crow’s war?
- Followed the Indian appropriation act which set up reservations in Oklahoma. 2. Government had been forgetting to feed the Sioux. 3. Sioux rose up, killing 700 settlers. 4. Army defeated Sioux, they were forced to move to a reservation at crow creek, winter conditions were so harsh that 400 died in the first winter.
What happened during red cloud’s war?
- 1866- gold discovered in the mountains of Montana, trails cut across Sioux lands. 2. Sioux attacked settlers and the government began building forts on the trail. 3. Red cloud besieged fort Kearney and prevented the trail from being used. 4. Government forced to admit defeat.
Give three consequences of red cloud’s war
- 1868- government abandoned forts and opened new trails. 2. Treaty of fort Laramie created the great Sioux reservation and banned whites from the area. 3. Sitting bull and others were unsatisfied, so began taking a more militant line.
What caused the great Sioux war?
1874- 7th cavalry under Custer were sent to the black hills to look for gold, breaking the treaty of fort Laramie. Gold was found and the Sioux refused to sell the hills.
