n3rv0us syst3m t0x1c1ty Flashcards
what is transmission toxicity?
interference with the neurotransmission
what is neuronopathy?
damage to the nerve cell body
what is axonopathy?
toxic effects on the axon
what are the states (in order) of voltage-dependent sodium channels?
resting
open
inactivated
resting
how does tetrodotoxin work?
blocking sodium channels, interfering with signal transduction
how do grayanotoxins work?
blocking Na+ channels in open state, resulting in partial repolarisation and increased sensitivity to small stimuli
how do amphetamines work?
displacement of NTs from storage vesicles, resulting in unprovoked release into synaptic cleft
what is and how does botulinium toxin work?
two chain protein that cleaves SNARE proteins inhibiting binding of NTs post synapse
how does MPTP cause neuronopathy?
ionised form leads to uptake in dopaminergic neurons, interferes with electron transport chain
how does nitrous oxide cause neuronopathy?
inactivation of B12 used in DNA and myelin synthesis
how does hexane cause axonopathy?
2,5-hexandione interacts with cytoskeleton, crosslinking its proteins and causing axon to swell
what reactive oxygen species is a metabolite of dopamine?
6-hydroxydopamine
