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Hematology 4 > Myeloid Leukemias > Flashcards

Myeloid Leukemias Flashcards

1
Q

In which condition will you see PUCK?

A

Tumor lysis syndrome

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2
Q

Define PUCK?

A

Increase in:
- Potassium
- PO4
- Uric Acid
Decrease in:
- Calcium

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3
Q

Which condition most commonly diagnosed at birth is at risk of developing AML before the age of 5 and ALL at any age.

A

Down Syndrome

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4
Q

What are some causes of AML?

A
  • Damage or Mutations to DNA
  • Genetic abnormalities
  • Bone marrow disorder
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5
Q

What are common treatments of AML/ALL?

A
  • Chemotherapy
  • APL
  • Bone marrow transplant
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6
Q

Which three FAB classifications of AML are Myelogenous based?

A

M0-M2

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7
Q

Which FAB classification of AML is monocytic?

A

M5

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8
Q

Which of the FAB classification of AML Erythroleukemic?

A

M6

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9
Q

Which of the FAB classification of AML Megakaryocytic

A

M7

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10
Q

What are the different causes of mutation?

A
  • Translocation
  • deletion
  • inversion
  • addition
  • duplication
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11
Q

In the myelogenous AML subgroups which shows minimal differentiation?

A

M0

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12
Q

In the myelogenous AML subgroups which shows a predomination in blasts and promyelocytes?

A

M1

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13
Q

In the myelogenous AML category which shows maturation?

A

M2

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14
Q

Which of the three Myelogenous AML subgroups are you most likely to see auer rods and in which cells?

A

Auer rods are more likely seen in the blasts of M2

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15
Q

What are common findings on a CBC of myelogenous AML?

A
  • Anemia
  • Neutropenia
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Blasts >20% (BM & PBF)
  • Auer rods
  • Dysplastic changes nRBC
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16
Q

Which subgroup of AML is classified by WHO but not defined by FAB?

A

Juvenile Myeloid Leukemia

17
Q

Explain what transient myeloid proliferative disease is, and who is affected?

A

Newborns with downsyndrome may present signs of AML within the firsts month but usually resolves itself by the age of 2-3.

18
Q

Which subgroup of AML is characterized by a t(15:17), frequent promyelocytes in PBF, numerous auer rods and PT are at risk of DIC

A

M3 - Acute promyelocytic leukemia

19
Q

Which subcategory of AML is characterized by monocytosis, eosinophilia and or basophilia?

A

M4 - AMML

20
Q

Which two subcategories of AML are rare and what key features do they have? Hint there are only two

A

M6 - AEL
Immature erythroid cells with dysplastic changes
M7 - AMKL
megakaryoblastic leukemia, marked organomegaly

21
Q

What is the key difference between CML and AML in relation to myeloid cell line maturation?

A

AML - stuck at blast stage
CML - increased proliferation

22
Q

What is the philadelphia chromosome?

A

t(9;22) - Chromosome abnormality seen in 90-95% of CML

23
Q

What is the BCR-ABL1 gene?

A

Causes excess proliferation and decreases apoptosis.

24
Q

What are the 6 subtypes of CML?

A
  • CML
  • Juvenile CML
  • CNL (neutrophilic)
  • CMML (myelomono)
  • aCML
  • other Myeloprolif neoplamsm (ET,PMF,PV)
25
Q

What are some causes of CML?

A
  • Exposure to chemicals
  • Occupation risk
26
Q

What are the three phases of progression with leukemias?

A
  • Chronic phase
  • Accelerated phase
  • Acute phase
27
Q

Which cytochemical stains maybe used to aid the diagnosis of CML/AML?

A
  • LAP
  • Myeloperoxidase /esterases
  • Sudan Black

Hematology 4 (4 decks)

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