Mutations

Question 1

Substitution

Answer 1

Changing one nitrogenous base for another

Question 2

Insertion

Answer 2

Adding an extra nucleotide

Question 3

Deletion

Answer 3

Deleting one nucleotide

Question 4

Silent mutation

Answer 4

No effect on the protein sequence

Question 5

Missense mutation

Answer 5

Results in an amino acid substitution

Ex. Sickle cell anemia

Question 6

Nonsense mutation

Answer 6

Substitutes a stop codon for an amino acid

Question 7

Difference between conservative and non conservative missense?

Answer 7

Conservative - same general function

Non conservative - not in the same family doesn’t do same function at all

Question 8

Frame shift mutations

Answer 8

Insertions or deletions of nucleotides may result in a shift in the reading frame or insertion of a stop codon

Exemption: if nucleotides are added or deleted in groups of three then downstream of the mutation the reading frame returns to normal

Question 9

Point mutation

Answer 9

A change in just one nucleotide

Question 10

Spontaneous mutations

Answer 10

Caused by an error in DNA replication

Question 11

Induced mutation

Answer 11

Caused by an environmental agent or mutagens ex. Smoking, factory work

Question 12

Mutagens

Answer 12

Environmental agent that directly alters DNA ex. Carbon monoxide radiation