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Biomedicine > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

A molecule released by neurons at the neuromuscular junction that causes muscle contraction

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2
Q

Acromion

A

The outer end of the scapula to which the collarbone is attached

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3
Q

Actin

A

A protein that forms (with myosin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells

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4
Q

Action potential

A

A short-term change in the electrical potential on the surface of a cell in response to a stimulation, and the leads to the transmission of an electrical impulse (nerve impulse) that travels across the cell membrane

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5
Q

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

an adenosine-derived nucleotide, C10H16N5O13P3, that contains high-energy phosphate bonds and is used to transport energy to cells for biochemical processes

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6
Q

Aerobic

A

living or occurring only in the presence of oxygen

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7
Q

Anaerobic

A

requiring the absence of or not dependent on the presence of oxygen

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8
Q

Antagonist

A

A muscle that counteracts the action of another muscle, the agonist

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9
Q

Contractility

A

the capability or quality of shrinking or contracting

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10
Q

Contraction

A

The process in which a muscle becomes or is made shorter and tighter

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11
Q

Creatine phosphate

A

an amino acid occurring in vertebrate tissues, particularly in muscle

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12
Q

Deltoid

A

A lateral muscle of the shoulder, between the scapula and the humerus that helps flex the shoulder and abducts the arm

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13
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of tissue to regain its original shape and size after being stretched, squeezed, or otherwise deformed. Muscle tissue is generally regarded as elastic because it is able to change size and shape and return to its original condition

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14
Q

Endocrine

A

relating to endocrine (hormone secreting) glands or the hormones secreted by them

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15
Q

Endomysium

A

The fine connective tissue sheath surrounding a muscle fiber

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16
Q

Invagination

A

an infolding of the outer layer of cells of an organism or part of an organism so as to form a pocket in the surface, as in the embryonic development of a gastrula from a blastula

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17
Q

Epimyseum

A

Around groups/ bundles of muscle cells

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18
Q

Erector spinae

A

A large muscle that originates near the sacrum and extends vertically up the length of the back

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19
Q

Excitability

A

The property of a cell that enables it to react to irritation or stimulation, such as the ability of a nerve or muscle or muscle cells to react to an electric stimulus

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20
Q

Extensibility

A

Capability of being extended or protruded

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21
Q

Fascicle

A

A small bundle of fibres

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22
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

A syndrome characterized by chronic pain in the muscles and soft tissues surrounding joints, fatigue, and tenderness at specific sites in the body

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23
Q

Filaments

A

A slender threadlike object or fibre, especially found in animal or plant structures
\

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24
Q

Fixators

A

Muscles which steady parts of the body to give prime movers firm base on which to work

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25
Q

Fulcrum

A

The point on which a lever rests or is supported

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26
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

The largest, most prominent muscle of the calf of the leg, the action of which extends the foot and bends the knee

27
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

The largest of three muscles of each buttock, that extend, abduct, and rotate the thigh

28
Q

Hyperplasia

A

An abnormal increase in the number of cells in an organ or a tissue with consequent enlargement

29
Q

Hypertrophy

A

A non-tumorous enlargement of an organ or a tissue as a result of an increase in the size rather than the number of constituent cells

30
Q

Integumentary

A

A natural covering or coat, such as the skin of an animal or the membrane enclosing an organ

31
Q

Intercalated

A

To interpolate or insert

32
Q

Ion

A

An atom or a group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons

33
Q

Lactic acid

A

a compound formed in the body in anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrate and also produced by bacterial action in milk

34
Q

Lymphatic

A

Of or relating to lymph, a lymph node, or lymphatic vessel

35
Q

Masseter muscle

A

the thick rectangular muscle in the cheek that functions to close the jaw. It is one of the four muscles of mastication

36
Q

Metabolism

A

The complex of physical and chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life

37
Q

Mitochondria

A

Spherical or rod shaped organelles found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, and are referred to as the powerhouse of the cell since they act as the site for the production of high-energy compounds (e.g. ATP), which are vital energy source for several cellular processes

38
Q

Muscular fibrosis

A

The formation of fibrous tissue as a reaction or as a repair process, in muscle tissue

39
Q

Myofibrils

A

One threadlike longitudinal fibrils occurring in a skeletal or cardiac muscle fibre

40
Q

Myoglobin

A

The oxygen-transporting protein of muscle, resembling blood hemoglobin in function but with only one heme as part of the molecule and with one-fourth the molecular weight

41
Q

Myosin

A

The most common protein in muscle cells, a globulin responsible for the elastic and contractile properties of muscle and combining with actin to form actomyosin

42
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

the area of contact between the ends of a large myelinated nerve fibre and a fibre of skeletal muscle.

43
Q

Pectoralis major

A

a large muscle of the upper chest wall, which acts on the joint of the shoulder

44
Q

Perimysium

A

The fibrous sheath enveloping each of the primary bundles of skeletal muscle fibres

45
Q

Periocytes

A

One of the elongated, contractile cells found wrapped about capillary arterioles outside the basement membrane

46
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

A muscle with origin from the pubis, which insertion into the xiphoid process and the fifth to seventh costal cartilages, and whose action flexes the vertebral column and draws the chest downward

47
Q

Rectus femoris

A

A muscle with origin from the ilium and the acetabulum, with insertion into a tendon of the quadriceps, muscle of the thigh

48
Q

Regeneration

A

Regrowth of lost or destroyed parts or organs

49
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane of a muscle cell or fibre

50
Q

Sarcomeres

A

One of the segments into which a fibril of striated muscle is divided

51
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

A network of tubules and sacs in skeletal muscle fibres

52
Q

Sphincters

A

A ringlike muscle which closes natural orifice or passage

53
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

A muscle of the neck that is attached to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and to the superior nuchal line and by separate heads to the sternum and clavicle

54
Q

Striated

A

Something that is striped, is marked by parallel lines, or has structural lines

55
Q

Striation

A

The state of being striated or having striae

56
Q

Synergists

A

An organ, agent, or substance that augments the activity of another organ, agent, or substance

57
Q

Thermogenesis

A

Generation or production of heat, especially by physiological processes

58
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

One of the anterior crural muscles of the leg, situated on the lateral side of the tibia

59
Q

Tonicity

A

The state of a tissue tone or tension; in body fluid physiology, the effective osmotic pressure equivilant

60
Q

Transverse tubules

A

Structures in myofibers which run transversely to the long axis of the myofibrils in skeletal and cardiac muscle

61
Q

Trapezius

A

A large, flat, triangular superficial muscle of the shoulder and upper back

62
Q

Triceps brachii

A

A large muscle that extends the entire length of the posterior surface of the humerus

63
Q

Visceral

A

Pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs in the abdominal cavity

Biomedicine (1 decks)

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