Muscles of the Neck and Trunk

Question 1

‘slow twitch’ muscle fibers are local stabilizers & are in constant function without exhaustion.

Answer 1

Type 1 muscle fibers

The sub-occipital muscles are Type 1 muscle fibers as are the transversospinalis muscles.

Question 2

the four deep posterior muscles of the neck also known as the sub-occipital muscles. These are short muscles with, limited mobility.

Answer 2

Rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior

Question 3

muscle group runs superomedially from transverse process to spinous process

Answer 3

Transversospinalis

Question 4

span one level and are deep to the other two

Answer 4

The rotatores

Question 5

span three levels and is deep to spinalis

Answer 5

The multifidous

Question 6

span five or six vertebral levels and run superomedially from transverse process to transverse process. They are type 1 fibers that help support the spine in upright posture.

Answer 6

the semispinalis

Question 7

Originates at the bodies and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae 1-5, and inserts at the lesser trochanter of the femur. It originates at the bodies of T11, 12, L1, 1 and inserts on the fascia of the ilium. It’s function is that it stabilizes the spine in upright posture, primary hip flexor, and interdigitates with the diaphragm to aid in breathing.

Answer 7

Psoas Major

Question 8

the largest anterior neck muscle. It originates at the sternum and the clavicle and inserts just behind the ear on the mastoid process.

Answer 8

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 9

is a diamond shaped muscle covers the upper torso and shoulders. It originates at the occiput and the nuchal ligament, as well as all the spinous processes from C1 –T12. It inserts on the scapula and acromium process, and clavicle. This muscle and the latissimus dorsi are the most superficial and broadest muscles in the back.

Answer 9

Trapezius

Question 10

These two muscles major and minor originate at C7 and T 1-5 and attach to the medial inferior scapula. When the scapula is fixed their contraction pulls the vertebra laterally. This is sometimes used to manipulate the spine by physical therapists or chiropractors.

Answer 10

Rhomboids

Question 11

means broadest muscle of the back. It originates form T7 to the sacrum and it inserts on the bicipital ridge of the humerus. By wrapping around the lower trunk it helps preserve structural integrity especially in movements requiring strength. It is one of the primary lifting muscles of the back.

Answer 11

Lattisimus Dorsi

Question 12

Originate at the transverse processes of C1-C4 and insert at the medial superior angle of the scapula. It acts primarily on the scapula. When the scapula is fixed it acts to stabilize the cervical spine and allow for extension and side bending of the neck. When the scapula is not fixed, it raises the shoulder blade and rotates it downward.

Answer 12

Levator Scapulae

Question 13

4 possible movements of the trunk

Answer 13

Anterior flexion, posterior extension, lateral flexion, lateral rotation